Mood, definiteness and specificity: a linguistic and a philosophical account of their similarities and differences

In diesem Beitrag beschreiben wir aus linguistischer Perspektive das Verhaltnis von einigen grammatischen Kategorien des Satzes (Realis) und der Nominalphrase (Definitheit, Spezifizitat) im Hinblick auf den Status ihrer Referenten in der Diskurswelt, und uberlegen anschliessend die ontologische Signifikanz der linguistischen Fakten. Unser Zugang unterscheidet sich in drei wichtigen Hinsichten von vorliegenden Arbeiten. Wir bieten erstens eine Erklarung fur die symmetrischen und anti-symmetrischen (invers symmetrischen) Beziehungen, die zwischen Realis (bzw. Irrealis) und Definitheit (bzw. Indefinitheit) bestehen. Zweitens zeigen wir, dass keine Erklarung dieser Beziehungen ohne den Einbezug der grammatischen Kategorie der Spezifizitat auskommen kann. Schliesslich untersuchen wir, in welchem Mass die inferentiellen Aspekte der linguistischen Symmetrien und Anti-Symmetrien ontologisch relevant sind, welche Schwierigkeiten sie fur das ontologische Standardverstandnis von Possibilia aufwerfen, und zeigen, dass eine Ontologie, die mit dynamischen und unbestimmt lokalisierten Individuen verfahrt, den linguistischen Daten offenbar besser gerecht wird.

[1]  Johanna Seibt,et al.  Free Process Theory: Towards a Typology of Occurrings , 2004 .

[2]  Mürvet Enç.  The semantics of specificity , 1991 .

[3]  Frederick J. Newmeyer.  Christopher S. Butler. Structure and function: A guide to three major structural-functional theories. Part 1. Approaches to the simplex clause & Part 2. From clause to discourse and beyond , 2005 .

[4]  Lynell Marchese,et al.  Tense/Aspect and the Development of Auxiliaries in Kru Languages , 1987 .

[5]  Christoph Schroeder.  The Turkish Nominal Phrase in Spoken Discourse , 1999 .

[6]  Selmer Bringsjord.  Are there set theoretic possible worlds , 1985 .

[7]  Peter Harder,et al.  Functional semantics : a theory of meaning, structure and tense in English , 1996 .

[8]  Jan Rijkhoff.  The Identification of Referents , 1989 .

[9]  Joan L. Bybee,et al.  Modality in grammar and discourse , 1995 .

[10]  M. A. Jones.  Tense, aspect and mood , 1996 .

[11]  Klaus von Heusinger,et al.  Specificity and Definiteness in Sentence and Discourse Structure , 2002, J. Semant..

[12]  Kees Hengeveld,et al.  Parts-of-speech systems and word order , 2004 .

[13]  F. Palmer,et al.  Mood and modality , 1986 .

[14]  Spike Gildea.  The Development of Tense Markers from Demonstrative Pronouns in Panare (Cariban) , 1993 .

[15]  Christopher Menzel,et al.  On set theoretic possible worlds , 1986 .

[16]  Sandra A. Thompson,et al.  A Discourse Explanation of the Grammar of Relative Clauses in English Conversation. , 1990 .

[17]  G Dimmendaal.  The emergence of tense marking in the Nilotic-Banty borderland as an instance of areal adaptation , 1995 .

[18]  Judith Tonhauser,et al.  NOMINAL TENSE IN CROSS-LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE , 2003 .

[19]  Richard Epstein,et al.  The definite article, accessibility, and the construction of discourse referents , 2002 .

[20]  A. Georgopoulos.  The Way We Think: Conceptual Blending and the Mind’s Hidden Complexities.ByGilles Fauconnierand, Mark Turner.New York: Basic Books. $35.00. xix + 440 p; ill.; index. ISBN: 0–465–08785–X. 2002. , 2003 .

[21]  Bronwyn Stokes.  A description of Nyigina : a language of the West Kimberley, Western Australia , 1982 .

[22]  Martin Haspelmath,et al.  From space to time : temporal adverbials in the world's languages , 1997 .

[23]  L. Sadler,et al.  Nominal Tense in Crosslinguistic Perspective , 2004 .

[24]  Bernd Heine,et al.  Cognitive Foundations of Grammar , 1997 .

[25]  Gilles Fauconnier,et al.  Mental Spaces: Aspects of Meaning Construction in Natural Language , 1985 .

[26]  John Nolt,et al.  What Are Possible Worlds , 1986 .

[27]  Alvin Plantinga,et al.  The Nature of Necessity. , 1975 .

[28]  George J. Mccool.  The French demonstrative system: from old to modern French , 1993 .

[29]  Lauri Karttunen,et al.  Discourse Referents , 1969, COLING.

[30]  Constance Kutsch Lojenga,et al.  Ngiti : a Central-Sudanic language of Zaire , 2000 .

[31]  Michael Halliday,et al.  An Introduction to Functional Grammar , 1985 .

[32]  Claire Lefebvre.  Multifunctionality and Variation Among Grammars: The Case of the Determiner in Haitian and in Fongbe , 1998 .

[33]  Johanna Seibt,et al.  Existence in Time: From Substance to Process , 1997 .

[34]  J. Hawkins.  Definiteness and indefiniteness: a study in reference and grammaticality prediction , 1978 .

[35]  J. Elliott,et al.  Realis and irrealis: Forms and concepts of the grammaticalisation of reality , 2000 .

[36]  Patrick Grim,et al.  There is no set of all truths , 1984 .

[37]  P. Newman.  Nominal and verbal plurality in Chadic , 1990 .

[38]  Mark C. Baker,et al.  Mood as Verbal Definiteness in a "Tenseless" Language , 1997 .

[39]  Kees Hengeveld,et al.  The architecture of a Functional Discourse Grammar , 2004 .

[40]  Ellen F. Prince,et al.  Toward a taxonomy of given-new information , 1981 .

[41]  John A. Hawkins,et al.  Word order universals , 1983 .

[42]  M. Krug,et al.  Thoughts on Grammaticalization , 1997 .

[43]  ZYGMUNT FRAJZYNGIER.  Grammaticalization of number: From demonstratives to nominal and verbal plural , 1997 .

[44]  J. Burnheim.  Individuals: An Essay in Descriptive Metaphysics , 1959 .

[45]  J. R. Roberts,et al.  Modality in Amele and other Papuan languages , 1990, Journal of Linguistics.

[46]  Randy J. LaPolla,et al.  Syntax: Structure, Meaning, and Function , 1999 .

[47]  Hilary Chappell,et al.  Alienability, Inalienability and Nominal Classification , 1989 .

[48]  Colette G. Craig.  The structure of Jacaltec , 1977 .

[49]  Jan Rijkhoff.  Toward a unified analysis of terms and predications , 1990 .

[50]  Alex Oliver,et al.  A World of States of Affairs , 1997 .

[51]  C.H.M. Kroon,et al.  The architecture of a Functional Discourse Grammar , 2002 .

[52]  C. Lehmann.  Thoughts on Grammaticalization , 2015 .

[53]  James W. Felt.  Why Possible Worlds Aren't , 1996 .

[54]  Peter F. Strawson,et al.  Individuals: An Essay in Descriptive Metaphysics , 1979 .

[55]  Klaus von Heusinger,et al.  Cross-linguistic implementations of specificity , 2003 .