Bone substitutes and growth factors as an alternative/complement to autogenous bone for grafting in implant dentistry.

Autogenous bone, with its osteogenic, osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties, has long been considered the ideal grafting material in bone reconstructive surgery (26, 85). However, drawbacks ...

[1]  J. Aronson,et al.  Effects of Systemic and Local Administration of Recombinant Human IGF‐I (rhIGF‐I) on De Novo Bone Formation in an Aged Mouse Model , 2006, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[2]  M. Ueda,et al.  Clinical case reports of injectable tissue-engineered bone for alveolar augmentation with simultaneous implant placement. , 2005, The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry.

[3]  A. Freemont,et al.  Platelet-derived growth factor expression in normally healing human fractures. , 1995, Bone.

[4]  Atsushi Namiki,et al.  Indirect Angiogenic Cytokines Upregulate VEGF and bFGF Gene Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells, Whereas Hypoxia Upregulates VEGF Expression Only , 1994 .

[5]  P. Claudio,et al.  Use of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in periodontal defect treatment after extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. , 2005, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[6]  T. Shellenberger,et al.  Severely resorbed mandible: predictable reconstruction with soft tissue matrix expansion (tent pole) grafts. , 2002, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[7]  P. Trejo,et al.  Treatment of intrabony defects with bovine-derived xenograft alone and in combination with platelet-rich plasma: a randomized clinical trial. , 2004, Journal of periodontology.

[8]  R. Haas,et al.  Bovine hydroxyapatite for maxillary sinus grafting: comparative histomorphometric findings in sheep , 1998 .

[9]  S. Bhanot,et al.  Current Applications of Platelet Gels in Facial Plastic Surgery , 2002, Facial plastic surgery : FPS.

[10]  Werner Zechner,et al.  The effect of platelet-rich plasma upon implant stability measured by resonance frequency analysis in the lower anterior mandibles. , 2005, Clinical oral implants research.

[11]  V. Leković,et al.  Comparison of platelet-rich plasma, bovine porous bone mineral, and guided tissue regeneration versus platelet-rich plasma and bovine porous bone mineral in the treatment of intrabony defects: a reentry study. , 2002, Journal of periodontology.

[12]  A. Thor,et al.  Fracture of the tibia: complication of bone grafting to the anterior maxilla. , 2006, The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery.

[13]  A. Dohan,et al.  Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a second-generation platelet concentrate. Part II: platelet-related biologic features. , 2006, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[14]  V. Leković,et al.  Platelet-rich plasma and bovine porous bone mineral combined with guided tissue regeneration in the treatment of intrabony defects in humans. , 2002, Journal of periodontal research.

[15]  V. Leković,et al.  A reentry study on the use of bovine porous bone mineral, GTR, and platelet-rich plasma in the regenerative treatment of intrabony defects in humans. , 2005, The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry.

[16]  R. Marx,et al.  Platelet-rich plasma: Growth factor enhancement for bone grafts. , 1998, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[17]  M. Pinzur,et al.  The role of platelet-rich plasma in foot and ankle surgery. , 2005, Foot and ankle clinics.

[18]  G M Herring,et al.  The chemical structure of tendon, cartilage, dentin and bone matrix. , 1968, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[19]  J. Fiddes,et al.  Vascular endothelial growth factor: a new member of the platelet-derived growth factor gene family. , 1989, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[20]  S. Lord,et al.  The Contribution of the Three Hypothesized Integrin-Binding Sites in Fibrinogen to Platelet-Mediated Clot Retraction , 1998 .

[21]  T. Albrektsson.  IN VIVO STUDIES OF BONE GRAFTS , 1980 .

[22]  T. Tözüm,et al.  Platelet-rich plasma: a promising innovation in dentistry. , 2003, Journal.

[23]  W. Giannobile,et al.  The effect of platelet-rich plasma on the coronally advanced flap root coverage procedure: a pilot human trial. , 2005, Journal of periodontology.

[24]  H. H. Tillman.  A study of bone regeneration; report of a case of adenoma of the parathyroid gland with extensive bone changes. , 1956, Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology.

[25]  T. Albrektsson,et al.  Microcirculation in grafted bone. A chamber technique for vital microscopy of rabbit bone transplants. , 1978, Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica.

[26]  R. Ewers.  Maxilla sinus grafting with marine algae derived bone forming material: a clinical report of long-term results. , 2005, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[27]  W. Becker,et al.  Human demineralized freeze-dried bone: inadequate induced bone formation in athymic mice. A preliminary report. , 1995, Journal of periodontology.

[28]  L A Whitaker,et al.  The effect of rigid fixation on the survival of onlay bone grafts: an experimental study. , 1990, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[29]  J. Mellonig,et al.  The effect of particle size on the osteogenic activity of composite grafts of allogeneic freeze-dried bone and autogenous marrow. , 1980, Journal of periodontology.

[30]  J. Lindhe,et al.  Healing around implants placed in bone defects treated with Bio-Oss. An experimental study in the dog. , 1997, Clinical oral implants research.

[31]  R. Izquierdo,et al.  Absorption of Onlay Bone Grafts in Immature Rabbits: Membranous Versus Enchondral Bone and Bone Struts Versus Paste , 1989, Annals of plastic surgery.

[32]  S. Froum,et al.  Effect of maxillary sinus augmentation on the survival of endosseous dental implants. A systematic review. , 2003, Annals of periodontology.

[33]  J. Hirsch,et al.  A clinical study of changes in the volume of bone grafts in the atrophic maxilla. , 2001, Dento maxillo facial radiology.

[34]  A. Scarano,et al.  Bone reactions to anorganic bovine bone (Bio-Oss) used in sinus augmentation procedures: a histologic long-term report of 20 cases in humans. , 1999, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[35]  P. Boyne,et al.  A technique for osseous restoration of deficient edentulous maxillary ridges. , 1985, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[36]  M. della Barbera,et al.  Histomorphometric evaluation of bone grafts harvested by different methods. , 2006, Minerva stomatologica.

[37]  Goldstein Ja,et al.  The influence of bony architecture on fixed membranous bone graft survival. , 1995 .

[38]  W. S. Pietrzak,et al.  The utilization of autologous growth factors for the facilitation of fusion in complex neuropathic fractures in the diabetic population. , 2005, Clinics in podiatric medicine and surgery.

[39]  M. Robiony,et al.  Osteogenesis distraction and platelet-rich plasma for bone restoration of the severely atrophic mandible: preliminary results. , 2002, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[40]  B. Oesch,et al.  Analysis of the risk of transmitting bovine spongiform encephalopathy through bone grafts derived from bovine bone. , 2001, Biomaterials.

[41]  D. Puleo,et al.  Understanding and controlling the bone-implant interface. , 1999, Biomaterials.

[42]  T A Einhorn,et al.  Expression of Osteoprotegerin, Receptor Activator of NF‐κB Ligand (Osteoprotegerin Ligand) and Related Proinflammatory Cytokines During Fracture Healing , 2001, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[43]  E. Solheim.  Growth factors in bone , 1998, International Orthopaedics.

[44]  Thomas A Einhorn,et al.  Differential Temporal Expression of Members of the Transforming Growth Factor β Superfamily During Murine Fracture Healing , 2002, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[45]  A. Reddi,et al.  Importance of geometry of the extracellular matrix in endochondral bone differentiation , 1984, The Journal of cell biology.

[46]  P. Stoelinga,et al.  Composite grafting of the maxillary sinus for placement of endosteal implants. A preliminary report of 48 patients. , 1992, International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

[47]  S. Buchman,et al.  The ultrastructure and resorptive pattern of cancellous onlay bone grafts in the craniofacial skeleton. , 1999, Annals of plastic surgery.

[48]  S. Lynch,et al.  Eighteen-month radiographic and histologic evaluation of sinus grafting with anorganic bovine bone in the chimpanzee. , 1999, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[49]  Y. Açil,et al.  Sinus floor augmentation with simultaneous placement of dental implants in the presence of platelet-rich plasma or recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7. , 2004, Clinical oral implants research.

[50]  James Ra,et al.  Grafting of the maxillary sinus floor with autogenous marrow and bone. , 1980 .

[51]  J. Shibli,et al.  Histomorphometrical analysis of bone formed after maxillary sinus floor augmentation by grafting with a combination of autogenous bone and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft or hydroxyapatite. , 2002, Journal of periodontology.

[52]  D. Rosen,et al.  Purification and characterization of two cartilage-inducing factors from bovine demineralized bone. , 1985, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[53]  W. Van Hul,et al.  Extracellular regulation of BMP signaling in vertebrates: a cocktail of modulators. , 2002, Developmental biology.

[54]  E. Burger,et al.  Histological observations on biopsies harvested following sinus floor elevation using a bioactive glass material of narrow size range. , 2000, Clinical oral implants research.

[55]  E. Abe.  Function of BMPs and BMP Antagonists in Adult Bone , 2006, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[56]  A. Dohan,et al.  Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a second-generation platelet concentrate. Part I: technological concepts and evolution. , 2006, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[57]  M. Chapman,et al.  The evaluation of a biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic for use in grafting long‐bone diaphyseal defects , 1987, Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society.

[58]  J. Lindhe,et al.  The effect of a fibrin glue on the integration of Bio-Oss with bone tissue. A experimental study in labrador dogs. , 2002, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[59]  T. Albrektsson,et al.  Bone healing around implants placed in a jaw defect augmented with Bio-Oss. An experimental study in dogs. , 2000, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[60]  G. Tawil,et al.  Sinus floor elevation using a bovine bone mineral (Bio-Oss) with or without the concomitant use of a bilayered collagen barrier (Bio-Gide): a clinical report of immediate and delayed implant placement. , 2001, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[61]  G. Lowery,et al.  Use of autologous growth factors in lumbar spinal fusion. , 1999, Bone.

[62]  Y. Açil,et al.  Bone formation in the presence of platelet-rich plasma vs. bone morphogenetic protein-7. , 2004, Bone.

[63]  S. Geiss,et al.  Particulated bone grafts--effectiveness of bone cell supply. , 2004, Clinical oral implants research.

[64]  E. Solheim,et al.  Effect of Storage on Osteoinductive Properties of Demineralized Bone in Rats , 1994, Annals of plastic surgery.

[65]  Lars Sennerby,et al.  A clinical and histologic evaluation of implant integration in the posterior maxilla after sinus floor augmentation with autogenous bone, bovine hydroxyapatite, or a 20:80 mixture. , 2002, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[66]  S. Froum,et al.  Histologic evaluation of a sinus elevation procedure: a clinical report. , 1996, The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry.

[67]  J. Sahel,et al.  Effect of autologous platelet concentrate in surgery for idiopathic macular hole: results of a multicenter, double-masked, randomized trial. Platelets in Macular Hole Surgery Group. , 1999, Ophthalmology.

[68]  Hom-lay Wang,et al.  The Role of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Sinus Augmentation: A Critical Review , 2006, Implant dentistry.

[69]  M. Gabriele,et al.  Maxillary Sinus Augmentation with Platelet-Rich Plasma and Fibrinogen Cryoprecipitate: A Tomographic Pilot Study , 2005, Implant dentistry.

[70]  J. Glowacki,et al.  The roles of revascularization and resorption on endurance of craniofacial onlay bone grafts in the rabbit. , 1994, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[71]  G. Szabó,et al.  Long-Term Results With Different Bone Substitutes Used for Sinus Floor Elevation , 2004, The Journal of craniofacial surgery.

[72]  D Abensur,et al.  Sinus grafting with porous bone mineral (Bio-Oss) for implant placement: a 5-year study on 15 patients. , 2000, The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry.

[73]  A. Reddi,et al.  Homology of bone-inductive proteins from human, monkey, bovine, and rat extracellular matrix. , 1983, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[74]  G. Karsenty,et al.  Genetics of skeletogenesis. , 1998, Developmental genetics.

[75]  W. Berghoff,et al.  Intraoperative use of autologous platelet-rich and platelet-poor plasma for orthopedic surgery patients. , 2004, AORN journal.

[76]  K. Donath,et al.  BIO-OSS--a resorbable bone substitute? , 1998, Journal of long-term effects of medical implants.

[77]  A. Dohan,et al.  Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a second-generation platelet concentrate. Part IV: clinical effects on tissue healing. , 2006, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[78]  A. Terano,et al.  An Experimental Study in Dogs , 1990 .

[79]  G. Murrell,et al.  The Roles of Growth Factors in Tendon and Ligament Healing , 2003, Sports medicine.

[80]  R. Marx,et al.  Morbidity from bone harvest in major jaw reconstruction: a randomized trial comparing the lateral anterior and posterior approaches to the ilium. , 1988, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[81]  Thomas A Einhorn,et al.  Fracture healing as a post‐natal developmental process: Molecular, spatial, and temporal aspects of its regulation , 2003, Journal of cellular biochemistry.

[82]  Tomas Albrektsson,et al.  Thermal injury to bone , 1982 .

[83]  E. Hjørting-Hansen.  Bone grafting to the jaws with special reference to reconstructive preprosthetic surgery , 2001, Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie.

[84]  Jay R Lieberman,et al.  The role of growth factors in the repair of bone. Biology and clinical applications. , 2002, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[85]  A. Thor,et al.  Early bone formation in human bone grafts treated with platelet-rich plasma: preliminary histomorphometric results. , 2007, International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

[86]  Paquita Nurden,et al.  Autologous platelets as a source of proteins for healing and tissue regeneration , 2003, Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

[87]  P. Nurden,et al.  New insights into and novel applications for platelet-rich fibrin therapies. , 2006, Trends in biotechnology.

[88]  A. Thor,et al.  Reconstruction of the severely resorbed maxilla with autogenous bone, platelet-rich plasma, and implants: 1-year results of a controlled prospective 5-year study. , 2005, Clinical implant dentistry and related research.

[89]  M. Urist.  Bone: Formation by Autoinduction , 1965, Science.

[90]  S. Wientroub,et al.  Biologic principles of bone induction. , 1987, The Orthopedic clinics of North America.

[91]  V. Rosen,et al.  Novel regulators of bone formation: molecular clones and activities. , 1988 .

[92]  H. Terheyden,et al.  Sinus floor augmentation with simultaneous placement of dental implants using a combination of deproteinized bone xenografts and recombinant human osteogenic protein-1. A histometric study in miniature pigs. , 1999, Clinical oral implants research.

[93]  P. Coulthard,et al.  The efficacy of various bone augmentation procedures for dental implants: a Cochrane systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials. , 2006, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[94]  F. Kloss,et al.  Morbidity of harvesting of chin grafts: a prospective study. , 2001, Clinical oral implants research.

[95]  A. Dohan,et al.  Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a second-generation platelet concentrate. Part III: leucocyte activation: a new feature for platelet concentrates? , 2006, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[96]  A. Skoglund,et al.  A clinical and histologic examination in humans of the osseous response to implanted natural bone mineral. , 1997, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[97]  Suvy Manuel,et al.  Potential for osseous regeneration of platelet-rich plasma--a comparative study in mandibular third molar sockets. , 2004, Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research.

[98]  G. Daculsi,et al.  Biphasic calcium phosphate concept applied to artificial bone, implant coating and injectable bone substitute. , 1998, Biomaterials.

[99]  B A Rahn,et al.  Fixation Effects on Membranous and Endochondral Onlay Bone‐Graft Resorption , 1988, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[100]  J. Marsh,et al.  Craniofacial Onlay Bone Grafting: A Prospective Evaluation of Graft Morphology, Orientation, and Embryonic Origin , 1990, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[101]  S. Hellem,et al.  Implant treatment in combination with lateral augmentation of the alveolar process: a 3-year prospective study. , 2003, Clinical implant dentistry and related research.

[102]  L. Tagliabue,et al.  An ongoing research for evaluation of treatment with BMPs or AGFs in long bone non-union: protocol description and preliminary results. , 2006, Injury.

[103]  Edgar Grageda.  Platelet-Rich Plasma and Bone Graft Materials: A Review and a Standardized Research Protocol , 2004, Implant dentistry.

[104]  A. Piattelli,et al.  A histologic and histomorphometric evaluation of anorganic bovine bone retrieved 9 years after a sinus augmentation procedure. , 2007, Journal of periodontology.

[105]  G. Karsenty,et al.  The family of bone morphogenetic proteins. , 2000, Kidney international.

[106]  E. Freymiller,et al.  Platelet-rich plasma: ready or not? , 2004, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[107]  P. Köndell,et al.  Immunological responses to maxillary on-lay allogeneic bone grafts. , 1996, Clinical oral implants research.

[108]  L A Whitaker,et al.  Membranous versus Endochondral Bone: Implications for Craniofacial Reconstruction , 1983, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[109]  D. Edelhoff,et al.  Maxillary sinus augmentation using xenogenic bone substitute material Bio-Oss in combination with venous blood. A histologic and histomorphometric study in humans. , 2000, Clinical oral implants research.

[110]  N. Lang,et al.  The effect of a deproteinized bovine bone mineral on bone regeneration around titanium dental implants. , 1998, Clinical oral implants research.

[111]  Z. Suba,et al.  Autogenous bone versus beta-tricalcium phosphate graft alone for bilateral sinus elevations (2- and 3-dimensional computed tomographic, histologic, and histomorphometric evaluations): preliminary results. , 2001, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[112]  M. Merkx,et al.  Reconstruction of the mandible using preshaped 2.3 mm titanium plates, autogenous particulate cortico-cancellous bone grafts and platelet rich plasma: a report on eight patients. , 2004, International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

[113]  B. Eppley,et al.  Platelet Rich Plasma: Biology and New Technology , 2005, The Journal of craniofacial surgery.

[114]  J. Qiao,et al.  Effect of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects in humans. , 2006, Chinese medical journal.

[115]  Urist.  Bone transplants and implants , 1980 .

[116]  R. Marx,et al.  "Mandibular and facial reconstruction" rehabilitation of the head and neck cancer patient. , 1996, Bone.

[117]  D. Kaplan,et al.  Porosity of 3D biomaterial scaffolds and osteogenesis. , 2005, Biomaterials.

[118]  J. Wrana,et al.  Independent regulation of collagenase, 72-kDa progelatinase, and metalloendoproteinase inhibitor expression in human fibroblasts by transforming growth factor-beta. , 1989, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[119]  S. Froum,et al.  Effect of platelet-rich plasma on bone growth and osseointegration in human maxillary sinus grafts: three bilateral case reports. , 2002, The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry.

[120]  P. Stoelinga,et al.  Reconstruction of the mandible after ablative surgery for the treatment of aggressive, benign odontogenic tumours in Tanzania: a preliminary study. , 2006, International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

[121]  K. Ley,et al.  Platelet-neutrophil-interactions: linking hemostasis and inflammation. , 2007, Blood reviews.

[122]  D. Buchbinder,et al.  Maxillary sinus augmentation with deproteinated bovine bone and platelet rich plasma with simultaneous insertion of endosseous implants. , 2003, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[123]  P. Philippart,et al.  Human recombinant tissue factor, platelet-rich plasma, and tetracycilne induce a high-quality human bone graft: a 5-year survey. , 2003, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[124]  S. Ahmed,et al.  Biology and clinical applications , 2004 .

[125]  T A Einhorn,et al.  Growth Factor Regulation of Fracture Repair , 1999, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[126]  L. Cheung,et al.  Immediate reconstruction following maxillectomy: a new method. , 1993, International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

[127]  S. Goldstein,et al.  A comparative analysis of the microarchitecture of cortical membranous and cortical endochondral onlay bone grafts in the craniofacial skeleton. , 1999 .

[128]  Eleftherios Tsiridis,et al.  Current concepts of molecular aspects of bone healing. , 2005, Injury.

[129]  M. Reynolds,et al.  Evaluation of the Adjunctive Benefits of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Subantral Sinus Augmentation , 2005, The Journal of craniofacial surgery.

[130]  V. Driver,et al.  A prospective, randomized, controlled trial of autologous platelet-rich plasma gel for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. , 2006, Ostomy/wound management.

[131]  R. Happonen,et al.  Bioactive glass granules as a bone adjunctive material in maxillary sinus floor augmentation. , 2004, Clinical oral implants research.

[132]  C. Kingsley.  Blood Coagulation: Evidence of an Antagonist to Factor VI in Platelet-Rich Human Plasma , 1954, Nature.

[133]  V. Rosen.  BMP and BMP Inhibitors in Bone , 2006, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[134]  M. Hürzeler,et al.  Reconstruction of the severely resorbed maxilla with dental implants in the augmented maxillary sinus: a 5-year clinical investigation. , 1996, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[135]  A. Meunier,et al.  Effects of autologous platelet lysates on ceramic particle resorption and new bone formation in critical size defects: the role of anatomical sites. , 2006, Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials.

[136]  A. Kuijpers-Jagtman,et al.  Incorporation of particulated bone implants in the facial skeleton. , 1999, Biomaterials.

[137]  M. Newman,et al.  Fixed Membranous Bone Graft Survival after Recipient Bed Alteration , 1993, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[138]  M. Longaker,et al.  Hypoxia Regulates VEGF Expression and Cellular Proliferation by Osteoblasts in Vitro , 1999 .

[139]  C. T. Wagner,et al.  Freeze‐dried platelet‐rich plasma shows beneficial healing properties in chronic wounds , 2006, Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society.

[140]  G. Rock,et al.  The contribution of platelets in the production of cryoprecipitates for use in a fibrin glue , 2006, Vox sanguinis.

[141]  S. Atri,et al.  Use of homologous platelet factors in achieving total healing of recalcitrant skin ulcers. , 1990, Surgery.

[142]  R. Coutts,et al.  Growth factors as therapeutic agents. , 1997, Instructional course lectures.

[143]  Ziv Mazor,et al.  Platelet-Rich Plasma for Bone Graft Enhancement in Sinus Floor Augmentation With Simultaneous Implant Placement: Patient Series Study , 2004, Implant dentistry.

[144]  H. Burchardt.  The biology of bone graft repair. , 1983, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[145]  P. Alberius,et al.  Some basic factors essential to autogeneic nonvascularized onlay bone grafting to the craniofacial skeleton. , 1999, Scandinavian journal of plastic and reconstructive surgery and hand surgery.

[146]  M. Ueda,et al.  Translational Research for Injectable Tissue-Engineered Bone Regeneration Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Platelet-Rich Plasma: From Basic Research to Clinical Case Study , 2004, Cell transplantation.

[147]  M. Hürzeler,et al.  Treatment of peri-implantitis using guided bone regeneration and bone grafts, alone or in combination, in beagle dogs. Part 2: Histologic findings. , 1997, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[148]  B A Rahn,et al.  Fixation Effects on Membranous and Endochondral Onlay Bone Graft Revascularization and Bone Deposition , 1990, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[149]  A. Bolin,et al.  Reconstruction of severely resorbed alveolar ridge crests with dental implants using a bovine bone mineral for augmentation. , 2001, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[150]  M. Sjöström.  On healing of titanium implants in iliac crest bone grafts , 2006 .

[151]  M. Sporn,et al.  Transforming growth factor-beta in human platelets. Identification of a major storage site, purification, and characterization. , 1983, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[152]  D. Smiler,et al.  Sinus lift grafts and endosseous implants. Treatment of the atrophic posterior maxilla. , 1992, Dental clinics of North America.

[153]  N. Ling,et al.  Identification and molecular characterization of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP-1, -2, -3, -4, -5 and -6). , 1991, Progress in growth factor research.

[154]  A. Dohan,et al.  Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a second-generation platelet concentrate. Part V: histologic evaluations of PRF effects on bone allograft maturation in sinus lift. , 2006, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics.

[155]  A. V. van Zundert,et al.  Platelet-rich plasma and platelet gel: a review. , 2006, The journal of extra-corporeal technology.

[156]  P. Schüpbach,et al.  Alveolar ridge augmentation with Bio-Oss: a histologic study in humans. , 2001, The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry.

[157]  A. Thor.  Reconstruction of the anterior maxilla with platelet gel, autogenous bone, and titanium mesh: a case report. , 2002, Clinical implant dentistry and related research.

[158]  A. Garg,et al.  A Comparative Study of Bilateral Sinus Lifts Performed with Platelet-Rich Plasma Alone Versus Alloplastic Graft Material Reconstituted with Blood , 2005, Implant dentistry.

[159]  R. Yukna,et al.  Particle size of periodontal bone grafting materials. , 1984, Journal of periodontology.

[160]  C. Clokie.  Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 , 2009 .

[161]  F. Melsen,et al.  Tissue reaction and material characteristics of four bone substitutes. , 1996, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[162]  E. Huizing,et al.  Transplants and Implants , 2003 .

[163]  T. Pavelko,et al.  Treatment of Chronic Elbow Tendinosis with Buffered Platelet-Rich Plasma , 2006, The American journal of sports medicine.

[164]  J. Hirsch,et al.  Volumetry of simulated bone grafts in the edentulous maxilla by computed tomography: an experimental study. , 2001, Dento maxillo facial radiology.

[165]  K. Su-Gwan,et al.  Combined implantation of particulate dentine, plaster of Paris, and a bone xenograft (Bio-Oss) for bone regeneration in rats. , 2001, Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery.

[166]  S. Coughlin.  Protease-Activated Receptors and Platelet Function , 1999, Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

[167]  T. Albrektsson.  In vivo studies of bone grafts. The possibility of vascular anastomoses in healing bone. , 1980, Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica.

[168]  E Ruoslahti,et al.  Variants of the cell recognition site of fibronectin that retain attachment-promoting activity. , 1984, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[169]  L. Sennerby,et al.  Histologic analysis of clinical biopsies taken 6 months and 3 years after maxillary sinus floor augmentation with 80% bovine hydroxyapatite and 20% autogenous bone mixed with fibrin glue. , 2001, Clinical implant dentistry and related research.

[170]  D. Edelhoff,et al.  Maxillary sinus augmentation with the xenograft Bio-Oss and autogenous intraoral bone for qualitative improvement of the implant site: a histologic and histomorphometric clinical study in humans. , 2001, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[171]  P. Tayapongsak,et al.  Autologous fibrin adhesive in mandibular reconstruction with particulate cancellous bone and marrow. , 1994, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[172]  T. Zgonis,et al.  Autologous platelet-rich plasma for wound and osseous healing: A review of the literature and commercially available products , 2006, Advances in therapy.

[173]  M. Hallman,et al.  Sinus floor augmentation with bovine hydroxyapatite mixed with fibrin glue and later placement of nonsubmerged implants: a retrospective study in 50 patients. , 2004, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[174]  W. Hiatt,et al.  Restoration of mandibular continuity defects using combinations of hydroxylapatite and autogenous bone: microscopic observations. , 1990, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[175]  T. Kawase,et al.  Platelet-rich plasma combined with a porous hydroxyapatite graft for the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects in humans: a comparative controlled clinical study. , 2005, Journal of periodontology.

[176]  D. Carnes,et al.  Ability of deproteinized cancellous bovine bone to induce new bone formation. , 2000, Journal of periodontology.

[177]  G. Friedlaender,et al.  Immune responses to osteochondral allografts: nature and significance. , 1992, Orthopedics.

[178]  J. Wiltfang,et al.  Sinus floor augmentation with beta-tricalciumphosphate (beta-TCP): does platelet-rich plasma promote its osseous integration and degradation? , 2003, Clinical oral implants research.

[179]  T. Szczepański,et al.  Re: "The effects of local platelet rich plasma delivery on diabetic fracture healing". What do we use: Platelet-rich plasma or platelet-rich gel? , 2006, Bone.

[180]  J. Wrana,et al.  Differential effects of transforming growth factor-beta on the synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins by normal fetal rat calvarial bone cell populations , 1988, The Journal of cell biology.

[181]  L. Whitaker,et al.  Biological boundaries: a concept in facial skeletal restructuring. , 1989, Clinics in plastic surgery.

[182]  R. Marx.  Platelet-rich plasma: evidence to support its use. , 2004, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[183]  Robert Peter,et al.  Bone debris: dead matter or vital osteoblasts. , 2004, The Journal of trauma.

[184]  N. Ishiguro,et al.  Transplantation of marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma during distraction osteogenesis--a preliminary result of three cases. , 2004, Bone.

[185]  G. Pecora,et al.  Prospective study on the augmentation of the maxillary sinus with calcium sulfate: histological results. , 2000, Journal of periodontology.

[186]  P. Philippart,et al.  Sinus grafting using recombinant human tissue factor, platelet-rich plasma gel, autologous bone, and anorganic bovine bone mineral xenograft: histologic analysis and case reports. , 2005, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[187]  D Buser,et al.  Evaluation of filling materials in membrane--protected bone defects. A comparative histomorphometric study in the mandible of miniature pigs. , 1998, Clinical oral implants research.

[188]  F. Silver,et al.  Preparation and use of fibrin glue in surgery. , 1995, Biomaterials.

[189]  I. Jackson,et al.  Comparison of Inorganic Bovine Bone Mineral Particles with Porous Hydroxyapatite Granules and Cranial Bone Dust in the Reconstruction of Full‐thickness Skull Defect , 1992, The Journal of craniofacial surgery.

[190]  F. Schwarz,et al.  Autogenous bone chips: influence of a new piezoelectric device (Piezosurgery) on chip morphology, cell viability and differentiation. , 2005, Journal of clinical periodontology.

[191]  T Albrektsson,et al.  Temperature threshold levels for heat-induced bone tissue injury: a vital-microscopic study in the rabbit. , 1983, The Journal of prosthetic dentistry.

[192]  T. Albrektsson.  Repair of bone grafts. A vital microscopic and histological investigation in the rabbit. , 1980, Scandinavian journal of plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[193]  L. Whitaker,et al.  Membranous vs endochondral bone autografts: implications for craniofacial reconstruction. , 1979, Surgical forum.

[194]  H. Plosker,et al.  The use of autologous platelet-rich plasma (platelet gel) and autologous platelet-poor plasma (fibrin glue) in cosmetic surgery. , 2001, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[195]  Robert E. Marx,et al.  Mandibular reconstruction using cancellous cellular bone grafts , 1996 .

[196]  D. Kingsley,et al.  The TGF-beta superfamily: new members, new receptors, and new genetic tests of function in different organisms. , 1994, Genes & development.

[197]  A. Vissink,et al.  Does platelet-rich plasma promote remodeling of autologous bone grafts used for augmentation of the maxillary sinus floor? , 2005, Clinical oral implants research.

[198]  C. Maiorana,et al.  Maxillary sinus augmentation with anorganic bovine bone (Bio-Oss) and autologous platelet-rich plasma: preliminary clinical and histologic evaluations. , 2003, The International journal of periodontics & restorative dentistry.

[199]  S R Buchman,et al.  Volume Maintenance of Onlay Bone Grafts in the Craniofacial Skeleton: Micro‐architecture versus Embryologic Origin , 1998, Plastic and reconstructive surgery.

[200]  S. Nishimoto,et al.  Efficacy of platelet-rich plasma in alveolar bone grafting. , 2004, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[201]  A. Thor,et al.  The course of a long-standing glandular odontogenic cyst: marginal resection and reconstruction with particulated bone graft, platelet-rich plasma, and additional vertical alveolar distraction. , 2006, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[202]  Jaan Hong.  Investigation of Incompatibility Reactions Caused by Biomaterials in Contact With Whole Blood Using a New in Vitro Model , 2001 .

[203]  E. Anitua.  Plasma rich in growth factors: preliminary results of use in the preparation of future sites for implants. , 1999, The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants.

[204]  H. Shimizu,et al.  Efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma in thoracic aortic aneurysm surgery. , 2000, The Japanese journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official publication of the Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery = Nihon Kyobu Geka Gakkai zasshi.

[205]  L. Bonewald,et al.  Role of transforming growth factor-beta in bone remodeling. , 1990, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.

[206]  P. Alberius,et al.  Osseous response to implanted natural bone mineral and synthetic hydroxylapatite ceramic in the repair of experimental skull bone defects. , 1992, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[207]  T. Karring,et al.  Guided bone regeneration at oral implant sites. , 1998, Periodontology 2000.

[208]  P. Coulthard,et al.  Interventions for replacing missing teeth: bone augmentation techniques for dental implant treatment. , 2006, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[209]  E. Solheim,et al.  Revascularization of Calvarial, Mandibular, Tibial, and Iliac Bone Grafts in Rats , 1994, Annals of plastic surgery.

[210]  D. M. Green,et al.  Platelet gel: an autologous alternative to fibrin glue with applications in oral and maxillofacial surgery. , 1997, Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

[211]  C. Hämmerle,et al.  Complication rate with prosthodontic reconstructions on ITI and IMZ dental implants , 1998 .

[212]  D. Benke,et al.  Protein-chemical analysis of Bio-Oss bone substitute and evidence on its carbonate content. , 2001, Biomaterials.