Learning to Care

Practice simulation exercises involve interaction with people who portray standardized clients in typical social work practice contexts. They are followed by feedback from these “clients” and from peers and instructors. This article delineates the conceptual background and previous use of this educational methodology and illustrates its application within a graduate health social work practice class. A preliminary evaluation found enthusiastic endorsement of this approach among students, with very strong agreement that all three components of the project-interaction with simulated clients, receipt of feedback, and participation as observers-prove useful. Practice simulations can allow transformative learning for participants and provide a useful classroom method for incorporating conceptual foundations into practice behaviors.

[1]  E. Boyd,et al.  Reflective Learning , 1983 .

[2]  David B. Swanson,et al.  Assessment of clinical skills with standardized patients: State of the art , 1990 .

[3]  P Tugwell,et al.  A comparison of resident performance on real and simulated patients. , 1982, Journal of medical education.

[4]  J. Mezirow Transformative Dimensions of Adult Learning , 1991 .

[5]  C. Woodward,et al.  Measuring physicians' performances by using simulated patients. , 1985, Journal of medical education.

[6]  L. Nieman,et al.  Training and evaluating teams of simulated patients. , 1987, Southern medical journal.

[7]  P. Mohl,et al.  Critical thinking in preclinical course examinations , 1993, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[8]  D. Schoen,et al.  The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action , 1985 .

[9]  Youde Wang,et al.  Growing use of standardized patients in teaching and evaluation in medical education , 1994 .

[10]  P L Stillman,et al.  Results of a survey on the use of standardized patients to teach and evaluate clinical skills , 1990, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[11]  H. Barrows An overview of the uses of standardized patients for teaching and evaluating clinical skills. AAMC , 1993, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[12]  B. Boekeloo,et al.  Unannounced simulated patients' observations of physician STD/HIV prevention practices. , 1992, American journal of preventive medicine.

[13]  D. Dorn Simulation Games: One More Tool on the Pedagogical Shelf. , 1989 .

[14]  Louise Skolnik,et al.  The Reflective Practitioner: A Contemporary Paradigm’s Relevance for Social Work Education , 1992 .

[15]  M. Albanese,et al.  Problem‐based Learning: A Review of Literature on Its Outcomes and Implementation Issues , 1993, Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.

[16]  J. Wodarski,et al.  Graduate Social Work Education: A Review of 2 Decades of Empirical Research and Considerations for the Future , 1995, Social Service Review.

[17]  B. Boekeloo,et al.  Frequency and thoroughness of STD/HIV risk assessment by physicians in a high-risk metropolitan area. , 1991, American journal of public health.

[18]  M. Knowles Innovations in Teaching Styles and Approaches Based upon Adult Learning , 1972 .

[19]  B. Boekeloo,et al.  The effect of educational preparation on physician performance with a sexually transmitted disease-simulated patient. , 1992, Archives of internal medicine.

[20]  P. Cranton Understanding and Promoting Transformative Learning: A Guide for Educators of Adults. Jossey-Bass Higher and Adult Education Series. , 1994 .

[21]  V. Kameoka,et al.  Evaluation of Student Learning Outcomes in MSW Programs , 1991 .

[22]  Charles R. Horejsi ‘Homemade’ Simulations: Two Examples from the Social Work Classroom , 1977 .

[23]  P. Stillman,et al.  Six years of experience using patient instructors to teach interviewing skills. , 1983, Journal of medical education.

[24]  M. B. Regan,et al.  Shifts in medical student beliefs about AIDS after a comprehensive training experience. , 1991, American journal of preventive medicine.

[25]  B. Thyer,et al.  Teaching Social Work Practice: A Review and Analysis of Empirical Research , 1985 .

[26]  M. Philbin,et al.  Assessment of clinical skills of residents utilizing standardized patients. A follow-up study and recommendations for application. , 1991, Annals of internal medicine.

[27]  D. Schoen Educating the reflective practitioner , 1987 .

[28]  Donald A. Schön,et al.  Theory in Practice: Increasing Professional Effectiveness , 1974 .

[29]  Charles F. Petranek A Maturation in Experiential Learning: Principles of Simulation and Gaming , 1994 .