Multiple representations of body movements in mesial area 6 and the adjacent cingulate cortex: An intracortical microstimulation study in the macaque monkey

The mesial agranular frontal cortex that lies rostral to area 4 (F1) is formed by two distinct cytoarchitectonic areas: F3, located caudally, and F6, located rostrally. In the present experiments we investigated the organization of F3 and F6 by observing the motor responses evoked by their intracortical electrical microstimulation. Our main purpose was to find out whether the cytoarchitectonic subdivision of the mesial agranular frontal cortex into two areas has a physiological counterpart.

[1]  Wilbur K. Smith THE FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ROSTRAL CINGULAR CORTEX AS REVEALED BY ITS RESPONSES TO ELECTRICAL EXCITATION , 1945 .

[2]  A. Ward The cingular gyrus, area 24. , 1948, Journal of neurophysiology.

[3]  W PENFIELD,et al.  The supplementary motor area of the cerebral cortex; a clinical and experimental study. , 1951, A.M.A. archives of neurology and psychiatry.

[4]  Olavi Eränkö,et al.  Histochemical Evidence of Intense Phosphatase Activity in the Hypothalamic Magnocellular Nuclei of the Rat , 1951 .

[5]  Kaada Br,et al.  Somato-motor, autonomic and electrocorticographic responses to electrical stimulation of rhinencephalic and other structures in primates, cat, and dog; a study of responses from the limbic, subcallosal, orbito-insular, piriform and temporal cortex, hippocampus-fornix and amygdala. , 1951 .

[6]  M. J. Showers The cingulate gyrus: Additional motor area and cortical autonomic regulator , 1959, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[7]  J Talairach,et al.  The supplementary motor area in man (anatomo-functional findings by stereoencephalography in epilepsy) , 1966 .

[8]  D. G. Lawrence,et al.  Cortical projections to the red nucleus and the brain stem in the Rhesus monkey. , 1967, Brain research.

[9]  H. Künzle,et al.  The Supplementary Motor Area — Control System for Posture? , 1973 .

[10]  J. V. Van Buren,et al.  Functional representation on the medial aspect of the frontal lobes in man. , 1976, Journal of neurosurgery.

[11]  C. G. Phillips,et al.  Corticospinal neurones. Their role in movement. , 1977, Monographs of the Physiological Society.

[12]  H. Künzle An autoradiographic analysis of the efferent connections from premotor and adjacent prefrontal regions (areas 6 and 9) in macaca fascicularis. , 1978, Brain, behavior and evolution.

[13]  J. Lavail,et al.  Cortical neurons projecting to the cervical and lumbar enlargements of the spinal cord in young and adult rhesus monkeys , 1978, Experimental Neurology.

[14]  C. Brinkman,et al.  Supplementary motor area in the monkey: activity of neurons during performance of a learned motor task. , 1979, Journal of neurophysiology.

[15]  Kisou Kubota,et al.  Cortical projection to hand-arm motor area from post-arcuate area in macaque monkeys: A histological study of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase , 1979, Neuroscience Letters.

[16]  J. Tanji,et al.  Neuronal activity in the cortical supplementary motor area related with distal and proximal forelimb movements , 1979, Neuroscience Letters.

[17]  Allan M. Smith The activity of supplementary motor area neurons during a maintained precision grip , 1979, Brain Research.

[18]  P. Strick,et al.  Frontal lobe inputs to primate motor cortex: evidence for four somatotopically organized ‘premotor’ areas , 1979, Brain Research.

[19]  M. Wong-Riley Changes in the visual system of monocularly sutured or enucleated cats demonstrable with cytochrome oxidase histochemistry , 1979, Brain Research.

[20]  B. Larsen,et al.  Activation of the supplementary motor area during voluntary movement in man suggests it works as a supramotor area. , 1979, Science.

[21]  M. Dimitrijevic,et al.  Characteristics of spinal cord-evoked responses in man. , 1980, Applied neurophysiology.

[22]  P. Roland,et al.  Supplementary motor area and other cortical areas in organization of voluntary movements in man. , 1980, Journal of neurophysiology.

[23]  E. M. Schmidt,et al.  Corticospinal and corticorubral projections from the supplementary motor area in the monkey , 1981, Brain Research.

[24]  J. Tanji,et al.  Supplementary and precentral motor cortex: Contrast in responsiveness to peripheral input in the hindlimb area of the unanesthetized monkey , 1981, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[25]  E. Murray,et al.  Organization of corticospinal neurons in the monkey , 1981, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[26]  S. Wise,et al.  The motor cortex of the rat: Cytoarchitecture and microstimulation mapping , 1982, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[27]  J Tanji,et al.  Comparison of movement-related activity in two cortical motor areas of primates. , 1982, Journal of neurophysiology.

[28]  J. Eccles,et al.  The wonder of being human : our brain and our mind , 1984 .

[29]  G. Rizzolatti,et al.  Patterns of cytochrome oxidase activity in the frontal agranular cortex of the macaque monkey , 1985, Behavioural Brain Research.

[30]  J. Kaas,et al.  The relationship of corpus callosum connections to electrical stimulation maps of motor, supplementary motor, and the frontal eye fields in owl monkeys , 1986, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[31]  G. Rizzolatti,et al.  Afferent and efferent projections of the inferior area 6 in the macaque monkey , 1986, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[32]  G. Leichnetz Afferent and efferent connections of the dorsolateral precentral gyrus (area 4, hand/arm region) in the macaque monkey, with comparisons to area 8 , 1986, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[33]  L A Krubitzer,et al.  Frontal eye field as defined by intracortical microstimulation in squirrel monkeys, owl monkeys, and macaque monkeys II. cortical connections , 1986, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[34]  S P Wise,et al.  The somatotopic organization of the supplementary motor area: intracortical microstimulation mapping , 1987, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[35]  M. Schlag-Rey,et al.  Evidence for a supplementary eye field. , 1987, Journal of neurophysiology.

[36]  C. G. Phillips,et al.  A quantitative study of the distribution of neurons projecting to the precentral motor cortex in the monkey (M. fascicularis) , 1987, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[37]  Andrew R. Mitz,et al.  Eye-movement representation in the frontal lobe of rhesus monkeys , 1989, Neuroscience Letters.

[38]  R. Nudo,et al.  Descending pathways to the spinal cord, III: Sites of origin of the corticospinal tract , 1990, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[39]  J. Kaas,et al.  Supplementary eye field as defined by intracortical microstimulation: Connections in macaques , 1990, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[40]  G. Rizzolatti,et al.  Architecture of superior and mesial area 6 and the adjacent cingulate cortex in the macaque monkey , 1991, The Journal of comparative neurology.