A Hypervideo Model for Learning Objects

Learning Objects (LOs) are entities that can be used, reused, or referred during the teaching process. They are commonly embedded into documents that establish spatial and temporal relationships on their contents. Hypervideos LOs allow students to individualize their learning experience with non-linear browsing mechanisms and content adaptation. This paper presents a survey of features for a set of documents representing such LOs as well as desirable aspects that should be expressed during the authoring phase. Also, this paper presents a conceptual model that fits such requirements. The model is implemented by SceneSync, a domain specific language focused on the synchronization and temporal behavior of LOs. As a result of the work, we present a set of LOs specified in SceneSync and a discussion about the identified features, which confirm the expressiveness and applicability of the model.

[1]  Arjeh M. Cohen,et al.  Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) 2.0 , 1998 .

[2]  Rogério Ferreira Rodrigues,et al.  Modeling, authoring and formatting hypermedia documents in the HyperProp system , 2000, Multimedia Systems.

[3]  Ian E. Smith,et al.  HyperCafe: narrative and aesthetic properties of hypervideo , 1996, HYPERTEXT '96.

[5]  André Luiz de Brandão Damasceno,et al.  Lessons Learned from Evaluating an Authoring Tool for Learning Objects , 2017, HCI.

[6]  Simone Diniz Junqueira Barbosa,et al.  Integrating Participatory and Interaction Design of an Authoring Tool for Learning Objects Involving a Multidisciplinary Team , 2017, HCI.

[7]  Julien Signes Binary Format for Scene (BIFS): combining MPEG-4 media to build rich multimedia services , 1998, Electronic Imaging.

[8]  Brandon Muramatsu,et al.  Draft Standard for Learning Object Metadata , 2002 .

[9]  Don Brutzman,et al.  X3D: extensible 3D graphics standard , 2008, SIGGRAPH 2008.

[10]  Rene Noel,et al.  Proyect@ matemáticas: A learning object for supporting the practitioners in autism spectrum disorders , 2016, 2016 XI Latin American Conference on Learning Objects and Technology (LACLO).

[11]  Harald Kosch,et al.  Towards an easy to use authoring tool for interactive non-linear video , 2012, Multimedia Tools and Applications.

[12]  Jay F. Nunamaker,et al.  Instructional video in e-learning: Assessing the impact of interactive video on learning effectiveness , 2006, Inf. Manag..

[13]  Bruno Gadelha,et al.  Representando objetos de aprendizagem funcionais para a TVDI , 2015 .

[14]  Udo Winand,et al.  The sharable content object reference model (SCORM) - a critical review , 2002, International Conference on Computers in Education, 2002. Proceedings..

[15]  Carlos de Salles Soares Neto,et al.  Cacuriá: Authoring Tool for Multimedia Learning Objects , 2014, WebMedia.

[16]  Débora C. Muchaluat-Saade Relações EM Linguagens de Autoria HipermíDIA: Aumentando Reuso E Expressividade , 2003 .

[17]  J. C. Braga,et al.  Análise das Preferências dos Estudantes no uso de Videoaulas: Uma experiência na Educação a Distância , 2013 .

[18]  Andreas Holzinger,et al.  Modeling, design, development and evaluation of a hypervideo presentation for digital systems teaching and learning , 2010, Multimedia Tools and Applications.

[19]  Michelle Y. Kim,et al.  Extensible MPEG-4 textual format (XMT) , 2000, MULTIMEDIA '00.

[20]  Dick C. A. Bulterman,et al.  Structured multimedia authoring , 1993, MULTIMEDIA '93.

[21]  Norm Friesen,et al.  Interoperability and Learning Objects: An Overview of E-Learning Standardization , 2005 .

[22]  Roberto Munoz,et al.  Explorando aprendo: Learning object to enhance language development in children with specific language impairment , 2016, 2016 XI Latin American Conference on Learning Objects and Technology (LACLO).

[23]  M Mernik,et al.  When and how to develop domain-specific languages , 2005, CSUR.

[24]  Márcio Ferreira Moreno,et al.  Ginga-NCL: Declarative middleware for multimedia IPTV services , 2010, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[25]  Filomena Soares,et al.  The potential benefits of using videos in higher education , 2014 .

[26]  H. David Brecht,et al.  Learning from Online Video Lectures , 2012, J. Inf. Technol. Educ. Innov. Pract..

[27]  David Wiley,et al.  Connecting learning objects to instructional design theory: A definition, a metaphor, and a taxonomy , 2000 .