Abstract Basic results of a detailed analytical, experimental and numerical study are presented concerning determination of an optimum specimen geometry used in the Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) test technique. Particular topics treated are the longitudinal and axial specimen inertia and the effects of interfacial friction between the Hopkinson bars and cylindrical specimen. A unified approach to inertia and friction is offered through the consideration of energy balance. The formula for the optimum specimen geometry has been derived and thoroughly analyzed. To demonstrate some features of specimen behaviour with friction effects, 10 height to diameter ratios were examined for aluminium specimens. Quasi-static and dynamic experiments for each specimen geometry were performed. The experimental results were then compared with simple numerical calculations of wave mechanics in the SHPB system, including interface friction and the elastic-plastic response of the specimen. It has been shown that the proper treatment of frictional effects, along with inertia, is crucial for an exact determination of the material response during fast plastic deformation.
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