Ferroelectric Phenomena in Crystals: Physical Foundations

1. General Characteristics of Structural Phase Transitions in Crystals.- 1.1 First- and Second-Order Structural Phase Transitions.- 1.2 Structural Phase Transitions of Displacive and Order-Disorder Types.- 1.3 The Domain Structure.- 1.4 Ferroelectric Phase Transitions.- 1.5 Basic Types of Ferroelectric Crystals.- 2. Phenomenological Theory of Second-Order Structural Transitions in Crystals.- 2.1 The Incomplete Thermodynamic Potential.- 2.2 Structural Phase Transitions Described by a One-Component Order Parameter.- 2.3 Structural Phase Transitions Described by Two- and Three-Component Order Parameters.- 3. Proper Ferroelectrics: Anomalies of Physical Properties in Phase Transitions.- 3.1 Anomalies of Thermal and Electrical Properties (One-Component Order Parameter).- 3.2 Anomalies of Electrical Properties (Multicomponent Order Parameter).- 3.3 First-Order Phase Transitions Close to Second-Order Transitions.- 3.4 The Tricritical Point.- 4. Dielectric Anomalies in Structural Nonferroelectric and Improper Ferroelectric Phase Transitions.- 4.1 Nonferroelectric Phase Transitions: Dielectric Anomalies.- 4.2 Improper Ferroelectric Phase Transitions: Dielectric Anomalies.- 5. Anomalies of Elastic and Electromechanical Characteristics of Crystals in Second-Order Phase Transitions.- 5.1 One-Component Order Parameter: Elastic Properties of an Isotropic Liquid.- 5.2 One-Component Order Parameter: Elastic Properties of an Anisotropic Crystal.- 5.3 Ferroelectric-Ferroelastics: One-Component Order Parameter with Transformation Properties of the Component of a Second-Rank Tensor and the Polar Vector.- 5.4 Temperature Dependences of "Morphic" Moduli of Elasticity.- 5.5 Two-Component Order Parameter: Elastic Properties of Crystals.- 5.6 Piezoelectric Effect and Electrostriction in the Case of One-Component Order Parameter and Centrosymmetric Paraelectric Phase.- 5.7 Piezoelectric Effect in the Case of One-Component Order Parameter and Noncentrosymmetric Paraelectric Phase.- 6. Fluctuations of the Order Parameter in Phenomenological Theory.- 6.1 Spatially Inhomogeneous Fluctuations of the Order Parameter in the Incomplete Thermodynamic Potential.- 6.2 Applicability of Landau Theory to Nonferroelectric Structural Phase Transitions.- 6.3 Applicability of Landau Theory to Phase Transitions in Uniaxial Ferroelectrics.- 6.4 Fluctuational Phenomena in Ferroelectric-Ferroelastics and in Phase Transitions in Multiaxial Ferroelectrics.- 7. Structural Phase Transitions in the Single-Ion Model.- 7.1 Problems of the Microscopic Theory.- 7.2 The Single-Ion Model of a Diatomic Crystal.- 7.3 Phase Transitions of Displacive and Order-Disorder Types in the Single-Ion Model.- 7.4 Applicability of the Landau Theory to Phase Transitions of Displacive and Order-Disorder Types.- 8. Statistical Theory of Ferroelectric Phase Transitions of the Order-Disorder Type.- 8.1 The Hamiltonian of a Uniaxial Ferroelectric with an Order-Disorder Phase Transition.- 8.2 The Free Energy of an Order-Disorder Crystal in the Self-Consistent Molecular Field Approximation.- 8.3 Tunneling Effects in Hydrogen-Containing Ferroelectrics.- 8.4 The Cluster Approximation: Crystals of the KH2P04 Group.- 9. Dynamics of Displacive and Order-Disorder Phase Transitions.- 9.1 The Equation of Motion of the Order Parameter.- 9.2 Dynamic Dielectric Constant: Order-Disorder Phase Transitions.- 9.3 Dynamic Dielectric Constant: Displacive Phase Transitions.- 9.4 Microscopic Theory of Dynamic Processes in Displacive Phase Transitions.- 9.5 Microscopic Theory of Dynamic Processes in Order-Disorder Phase Transitions.- 9.6 Dielectric Constant and Soft Mode: The Lyddane-Sachs-Teller Relation.- 10. Domain Structure and Defects.- 10.1 Nucleation of Domains in a Structural Phase Transition.- 10.2 Domain Wall Structure: One-Component Order Parameter.- 10.3 Domain Wall Structure: Two-Component Order Parameter.- 10.4 Motion of the Domain Wall in an Ideal and a Real Crystal.- 10.5 Motion of the Domain Wall: Account of the Discreteness of the Crystal.- 10.6 Domain Walls and Defects.- 10.7 Defects in the Symmetrical Phase.- 10.8 Domains in Proper Ferroelectrics.- 10.9 Domains in Ferroelastics.- 10.10 Domains in Polyaxial Ferroelectrics.- 11. Ferroelectrics with an Incommensurate Phase.- 11.1 Phase Transitions into an Incommensurate Phase.- 11.2 Phenomenological Theory of Phase Transitions into an Incommensurate Phase.- 11.3 Specific Features of Crystal Lattice Vibrations in an Incommensurate Phase.- 11.4 The Incommensurate Phase in a Real Crystal.- 11.5 The Commensurate-Incommensurate Phase Transition: A Special Type of Phase Transition.- 11.6 Evolution of the Structure of the Incommensurate Phase (General Picture).- 11.7 Evolution of the Structure of the Incommensurate Phase (the Continuum Approximation).- 12. Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals.- 12.1 Basic Types of Orientational Ordering in Liquid Crystals.- 12.2 Conditions for Existence of Dipolar Ordering in Liquid Crystals.- 12.3 Phenomenological Theory of Phase Transition SmA* -? SmC*.- 12.4 The Behavior of a Ferroelectric Smectic Liquid Crystal in an External Electric Field.- 13. Crystallochemical Aspects of the Theory of Ferroelectric Phenomena.- 13.1 Calculation of the Constants of the Hamiltonians of Some Crystals.- 13.2 An Approach Based on the Classical Theory of Ionic Crystals.- 14. Recommended Literature.- References.