Numerical simulation of coseismic electromagnetic fields associated with seismic waves due to finite faulting in porous media

SUMMARY The electrokinetic effect is one mechanism that causes the coupling between seismic and electromagnetic energies. This study deals with the numerical simulation of the electrokinetically induced coseismic electromagnetic fields associated with seismic waves created by a finite faulting in porous media. The key point of our numerical technique is to combine the point source stacking method with the Luco-Apsel-Chen generalized reflection and transmission method. After some validation test of our simulation method, we show several numerical simulation examples. Through a near-field model, we show that the point source approximation is not accurate in this configuration, as well as that the position of the rupture starting point and rupture speed obviously affect the coseismic EM fields. Then we numerically investigate the influence of different media properties on seismic waves and coseismic EM fields. We also carry out simulations of multilayer half-space models and show the characteristics of the coseismic EM fields. The preliminary results indicate that our numerical technique provides an effective approach of studying coseismic electromagnetic fields associated with seismic waves due to a finite faulting in porous media.

[1]  Hengshan Hu,et al.  Finite-difference modeling of the electroseismic logging in a fluid-saturated porous formation , 2008, J. Comput. Phys..

[2]  Karl E. Butler,et al.  Measurement of the seismoelectric response from a shallow boundary , 1996 .

[3]  J. Avouac,et al.  Streaming potential measurements 1. Properties of the electrical double layer from crushed rock samples , 1999 .

[4]  Pride,et al.  Governing equations for the coupled electromagnetics and acoustics of porous media. , 1994, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[5]  Xiaofei Chen,et al.  A new numerical technique for simulating the coupled seismic and electromagnetic waves in layered porous media , 2010 .

[6]  Steven R. Pride,et al.  Electroseismic waves from point sources in layered media , 1997 .

[7]  R. C. Y. Chin,et al.  Matrix methods in synthetic seismograms , 1984 .

[8]  B. Biondi,et al.  Seismoelectric imaging of shallow targets , 2004 .

[9]  Magnetic Field Observations in the Near-Field the 28 June 1992 Mw 7.3 Landers, California, Earthquake , 1994 .

[10]  Qinghua Huang,et al.  One possible generation mechanism of co-seismic electric signals , 2002 .

[11]  Z. Ge,et al.  An Efficient Approach for Simulating Wave Propagation with the Boundary Element Method in Multilayered Media with Irregular Interfaces , 2008 .

[12]  Steven R. Pride,et al.  Electroseismic wave properties , 1996 .

[13]  Stéphane Garambois,et al.  Full waveform numerical simulations of seismoelectromagnetic wave conversions in fluid‐saturated stratified porous media , 2002 .

[14]  F. Moreau,et al.  Mechanical and electrical response due to fluid-pressure equilibration following an earthquake , 2004 .

[15]  R. Mueller,et al.  Seismomagnetic effect generated by the October, 1989, ML, 7.1 Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake , 1990 .

[16]  Qinghua Huang,et al.  Retrospective investigation of geophysical data possibly associated with the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, China , 2011 .

[17]  Hongbin Wang,et al.  Simulation of Acousto‐Electric Well Logging Based on Simplifed Pride Equations , 2003 .

[18]  R. J. Apsel,et al.  On the Green's functions for a layered half-space. Part II , 1983 .

[19]  M. Nafi Toksöz,et al.  Electroseismic investigation of the shallow subsurface: Field measurements and numerical modeling , 1997 .

[20]  S. T. Martner,et al.  THE ELECTROSEISMIC EFFECT , 1959 .

[21]  M. Ladd,et al.  Low‐frequency magnetic field measurements near the epicenter of the Ms 7.1 Loma Prieta Earthquake , 1990 .

[22]  Renyi Heng.  ANALYTICAL REGULARIZATION OF THE HIGH-FREQUENCY INSTABILITY PROBLEM IN NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SEISMOELECTRIC WAVE-FIELDS IN MULTI-LAYERED POROUS MEDIA , 2010 .

[23]  P. Glover,et al.  Streaming potential in porous media: 1. Theory of the zeta potential , 1999 .

[24]  André Revil,et al.  Streaming potential in porous media: 2. Theory and application to geothermal systems , 1999 .

[25]  M. Bouchon.  A simple method to calculate Green's functions for elastic layered media , 1981 .

[26]  Hengshan Hu,et al.  Electromagnetic field generated by a finite fault due to electrokinetic effect , 2011 .

[27]  M. N. Toksöz,et al.  Experimental studies of seismoelectric conversions in fluid-saturated porous media , 2000 .

[28]  Hengshan Hu,et al.  Seismoelectromagnetic waves radiated by a double couple source in a saturated porous medium , 2010 .

[29]  M. Nafi Toksöz,et al.  Experimental studies of electrokinetic conversions in fluid‐saturated borehole models , 1999 .

[30]  Time‐domain simulation of SH-wave‐induced electromagnetic field in heterogeneous porous media: A fast finite‐element algorithm , 2001 .

[31]  Stéphane Gaffet,et al.  Evidence of the theoretically predicted seismo-magnetic conversion , 2008 .

[32]  M. Matsushima,et al.  Seismoelectromagnetic Effect Associated with the İzmit Earthquake and Its Aftershocks , 2002 .

[33]  Keiiti Aki,et al.  Discrete wave-number representation of seismic-source wave fields , 1977, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.

[34]  C. Thomson,et al.  Modelling surface waves in anisotropic structures II: Examples , 1997 .

[35]  Hengshan Hu,et al.  Attenuation And Seismoelectric Characteristics of Dynamically Compatible Porous Media , 2002 .

[36]  J. Avouac,et al.  Streaming potential measurements 2. Relationship between electrical and hydraulic flow patterns from rock samples during deformation , 1999 .

[37]  Hengshan Hu,et al.  Theoretical simulation of electroacoustic borehole logging in a fluid-saturated porous formation. , 2007, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[38]  M. Johnston,et al.  Seismomagnetic Observation During the 8 July 1986 Magnitude 5.9 North Palm Springs Earthquake , 1987, Science.

[39]  M. Bouchon.  A Review of the Discrete Wavenumber Method , 2003 .

[40]  Allen H. Olson,et al.  Finite faults and inverse theory with applications to the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake , 1982 .

[41]  Xiaofei Chen,et al.  Generation and propagation of seismic SH waves in multi-layered media with irregular interfaces , 2007 .

[42]  J. Frenkel,et al.  On the Theory of Seismic and Seismoelectric Phenomena in a Moist Soil , 2005 .

[43]  Stéphane Garambois,et al.  Seismoelectric wave conversions in porous media: Field measurements and transfer function analysis , 2001 .

[44]  A. Revil,et al.  Seismoelectric response of heavy oil reservoirs: theory and numerical modelling , 2010 .

[45]  Chen Xiao-fei.  Point Source Stacking Method to Compute Synthetic Seismogram of Finite Moving Planar Source , 2007 .

[46]  Gregory C. Beroza,et al.  Analysis of Ultralow-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Measurements Associated with the 1999 M 7.1 Hector Mine, California, Earthquake Sequence , 2002 .

[47]  Xiaofei Chen,et al.  A systematic and efficient method of computing normal modes for multilayered half-space , 1993 .

[48]  Simon L. Klemperer,et al.  Modeling Low-frequency Magnetic-field Precursors to the Loma Prieta Earthquake with a Precursory Increase in Fault-zone Conductivity , 1997 .

[49]  Seth S. Haines,et al.  Seismoelectric numerical modeling on a grid , 2006 .

[50]  M. Toksöz,et al.  Electroseismic and seismoelectric measurements of rock samples in a water tank , 2008 .

[51]  A. H. Thompson,et al.  Geophysical applications of electrokinetic conversion , 1993 .

[52]  Y. Bernabé.  Streaming potential in heterogeneous networks , 1998 .