Polarization studies in multiply scattering chiral media

The interactions of polarized light with an optically active (chi- ral), multiply scattering medium are investigated using a relatively simple experimental system incorporating polarization modulation and synchro- nous detection techniques. The polarization properties of diffusely scat- tered light are studied as a function of scatterer particle concentration, chiral molecule concentration, and detection direction. A newly derived method for simultaneous extraction of the total degree of polarization, and optical rotation of the linearly polarized fraction, is theoretically dis- cussed and experimentally implemented, using optically thick turbid me- dia with the presence of one chiral component. The method requires measurements at several orientations of the analyzing linear polarizer, followed by data fitting to yield the unknown sample polarization proper- ties. The accuracy and robustness of this method in the cases of weak signals and noisy data are superior to previous two-point approaches of data analysis. The measurable polarization preservation on multiple scattering, affected by the chirality and turbidity of the medium and by the detection geometry as described, provides a useful tool with which to probe the properties of multiply scattering media. © 2000 Society of Photo- Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(00)03602-3)

[1]  A. Welch,et al.  A review of the optical properties of biological tissues , 1990 .

[2]  Z. Kam,et al.  Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles , 1998 .

[3]  Mark P. Silverman,et al.  Experimental configurations using optical phase modulation to measure chiral asymmetries in light specularly reflected from a naturally gyrotropic medium , 1988 .

[4]  James C. Kemp,et al.  Piezo-Optical Birefringence Modulators: New Use for a Long-Known Effect , 1969 .

[5]  B. Wilson,et al.  Monte Carlo modeling studies of the effect of physiological factors andother analytes on the determination of glucose concentration in vivoby near infrared optical absorption and scattering measurements. , 1997, Journal of biomedical optics.

[6]  Laurence D. Barron,et al.  Molecular Light Scattering and Optical Activity: Second Edition, revised and enlarged , 1983 .

[7]  J. C. Canit,et al.  Sensitive devices to determine the state and degree of polarization of a light beam using a birefringence modulator , 1977 .

[8]  L V Wang,et al.  Measurement and calculation of the two-dimensional backscattering Mueller matrix of a turbid medium. , 1998, Optics letters.

[9]  Michel,et al.  Strong-property-fluctuation theory for homogenizing chiral particulate composites. , 1995, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics.

[10]  M. A. Karam,et al.  PROPAGATION AND SCATTERING IN MULTI-LAYERED RANDOM MEDIA WITH ROUGH INTERFACES , 1982 .

[11]  E. Fry,et al.  Measurement of polarized light interactions via the Mueller matrix. , 1980, Applied optics.

[12]  Jonathan D. Applequist,et al.  Optical Activity: Biot's Bequest , 1987 .

[13]  Chien Chou,et al.  Amplitude Sensitive Optical Heterodyne and Phase Lock-in Technique on Small Optical Rotation Angle Detection of Chiral Liquid , 1997 .

[14]  Arlon J. Hunt,et al.  A new polarization‐modulated light scattering instrument , 1973 .

[15]  Zhu,et al.  Polarization memory of multiply scattered light. , 1989, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[16]  B. Tromberg,et al.  Diffusing photons in turbid media: introduction to the feature. , 1997, Applied optics.

[17]  J. Schmitt,et al.  Use of polarized light to discriminate short-path photons in a multiply scattering medium. , 1992, Applied optics.

[18]  Toshimitsu Asakura,et al.  Photon pathlength distribution from polarized backscattering in random media , 1996 .

[19]  J. Walsh,et al.  Birefringence Measurement of Rapid Structural Changes during Collagen Denatu ration , 1998, Photochemistry and photobiology.

[20]  Mark P. Silverman,et al.  Enhanced optical rotation and diminished depolarization in diffusive scattering from a chiral liquid , 1996 .

[21]  Akira Ishimaru,et al.  Wave propagation and scattering in random media , 1997 .

[22]  Ashleyj . Welch,et al.  Optical-Thermal Response of Laser-Irradiated Tissue , 1995 .

[23]  T. Lowry.  The Origin of Optical Rotatory Power , 1935, Nature.

[24]  G. Coté,et al.  Noninvasive glucose sensing utilizing a digital closed-loop polarimetric approach , 1997, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[25]  Irving J. Bigio,et al.  Biomedical diagnostic with diffusely backscattered linearly and circularly polarized light , 1997, Photonics West - Biomedical Optics.

[26]  Theodore C. Oakberg,et al.  Modulated interference effects: use of photoelastic modulators with lasers , 1994, Optics & Photonics.

[27]  G. Coté,et al.  Multispectral polarimetric glucose detection using a single Pockels cell , 1994 .

[28]  Wolf,et al.  Weak localization and coherent backscattering of photons in disordered media. , 1985, Physical review letters.

[29]  Steven L. Jacques,et al.  Polarized light transmission through skin using video reflectometry: toward optical tomography of superficial tissue layers , 1996, Photonics West.

[30]  T. Lowry.  Optical Rotatory Power. , 1930, Nature.

[31]  W. Steen.  Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles , 1999 .

[32]  Polarization Statistics in Multiple Scattering of Light: A Monte Carlo Approach , 1993 .

[33]  Akhlesh Lakhtakia,et al.  Beltrami Fields in Chiral Media , 1994 .