Authorised property appraisers’ perceptions of commercial property valuation

Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the thought patterns of authorized property appraisers (APAs) when valuing commercial properties, and draw conclusions about their collective thinking in terms of content, complexity, and homogeneity. Design/methodology/approach - – A standard set of value-adding factors and bipolar constructs was included in a grid form used for data collection. The repertory grid technique and principal component analysis were used to map and analyze the thought patterns of nearly half of the APAs in Sweden. Findings - – Analysis of the mean grid for all respondents revealed three dimensions in the aggregated APA thought pattern: property object – property market focus, abstract – specific information, and expert – superficial assessments. The aggregated thought pattern was found to be moderately complex, and the APAs demonstrated relatively strong homogeneity in their thought patterns. Practical implications - – Based on the moderate complexity and relatively strong homogeneity in respondent thought patterns, this study discusses the upcoming establishment of a profession. Originality/value - – To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first study using the repertory grid technique to map and analyze APA thought patterns at an aggregated level.

[1]  P. McAllister,et al.  Means, motive and opportunity? Disentangling client influence on performance measurement appraisals , 2010 .

[2]  Sarah E. Bonner Judgment and Decision Making in Accounting , 2007 .

[3]  H. Lind,et al.  A more transparent two-step categorization of valuation methods , 2013 .

[4]  Julián Díaz How Appraisers Do Their Work: A Test of the Appraisal Process and the Development of a Descriptive Model , 2009 .

[5]  Does contingent reward reduce negotiation anchoring , 1999 .

[6]  Abdul-Rasheed Amidu,et al.  Client influence on valuation: Perceptual analysis of the driving factors , 2007 .

[7]  Abdul-Rasheed Amidu,et al.  Client Feedback Pressure and the Role of Estate Surveyors and Valuers , 2008 .

[8]  Julián Díaz,et al.  How valuers use the value opinions of others , 1997 .

[9]  A. Abbott The System of Professions: An Essay on the Division of Expert Labor , 1988 .

[10]  Peter Öhman,et al.  How Lending Officers Construe Assessments of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Loan Applications: A Repertory Grid Study , 2013 .

[11]  Thomas Lützkendorf,et al.  Addressing risk and uncertainty in property valuations: a viewpoint from Germany , 2006 .

[12]  Chukwuma C. Nwuba,et al.  Client influence on valuation: valuers’ motives to succumb , 2015 .

[13]  N. French UK freehold reversionary properties: valuation practice revisited , 2013 .

[14]  D. Geltner Estimating Market Values from Appraised Values without Assuming an Efficient Market , 2009 .

[15]  J. Hansz,et al.  Does assessed value influence market value judgments? , 2003 .

[16]  P. Mcallister,et al.  Expert judgement in the processes of commercial property market forecasting , 2004 .

[17]  Deborah Levy,et al.  The influence of clients on valuations: the clients' perspective , 2005 .

[18]  Jim Clayton,et al.  Smoothing in Commercial Property Valuations: Evidence from Individual Appraisals , 2000 .

[19]  Julián Díaz The first decade of behavioral research in the discipline of property , 1999 .

[20]  Gert Jan Hofstede,et al.  Cultures and Organizations - Software of the Mind: Intercultural Cooperation and its Importance for Survival (3. ed.) , 2010 .

[21]  Elaine Worzala,et al.  Client pressure in the commercial appraisal industry: how prevalent is it? , 1997 .

[22]  Bo Nordlund Need for disclosure regarding property valuations in financial reports according to IFRS , 2010 .

[23]  A. Adair,et al.  Valuation standards: A comparison of four European countries , 2002 .

[24]  Edward J. Schuck,et al.  The influence of clients on valuations , 1999 .

[25]  P. Gallimore,et al.  The influence of a decision support tool on real estate valuations , 2014 .

[26]  G. Northcraft,et al.  Experts, amateurs, and real estate: An anchoring-and-adjustment perspective on property pricing decisions , 1987 .

[27]  E. W. Adams,et al.  Models of Man, Social and Rational: Mathematical Essays on Rational Human Behavior in a Social Setting , 1962 .

[28]  Peter Öhman,et al.  Accuracy of Swedish property appraisers’ forecasts of net operating income , 2012 .

[29]  G. Newell,et al.  Agreement and Accuracy in Consensus Forecasts of the UK Commercial Property Market , 2008 .

[30]  Richard C. Bell ON TESTING THE COMMONALITY OF CONSTRUCTS IN SUPPLIED GRIDS , 2000 .

[31]  G. Page Professional socialisation of valuers: What the literature and professional bodies offers , 2005 .

[32]  Christian Janssen,et al.  Estimating Market Prices and Assessed Values for Income Properties , 1999 .

[33]  Holly Smith,et al.  THE RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF STRUCTURAL MEASURES DERIVED FROM REPERTORY GRIDS , 2000 .

[34]  E. Schein Organizational Culture and Leadership , 1991 .

[35]  Richard Bell,et al.  A manual for repertory grid technique , 1977 .

[36]  Marvin L. Wolverton,et al.  Price‐knowledge‐induced bias: a cross‐cultural comparison , 1997 .

[37]  Peter Öhman,et al.  Swedish auditors' view of auditing: Doing things right versus doing the right things , 2006 .

[38]  Roy T. Black Expert property negotiators and pricing information, revisited , 1997 .

[39]  Julián Díaz,et al.  Valuation Bias in Commercial Appraisal: A Transaction Price Feedback Experiment , 2001 .

[40]  Janet A. Sniezek,et al.  Judgment processes in motivation: Anchoring and adjustment effects on judgment and behavior. , 1991 .

[41]  Peijie Wang,et al.  Commercial property market prices and valuations: Analysing the correspondence , 1995 .

[42]  Norman G. Miller,et al.  Commercial Real Estate Analysis and Investments , 2000 .

[43]  Robert P. Wright,et al.  COMPARING APPLES WITH APPLES: THE IMPORTANCE OF ELEMENT WORDING IN GRID APPLICATIONS , 2002 .

[44]  Robert P. Wright,et al.  Rigor and Relevance Using Repertory Grid Technique in Strategy Research , 2006 .

[45]  Robert P. Wright,et al.  Mapping cognitions to better understand attitudinal and behavioral responses in appraisal research , 2004 .

[46]  V. Assimakopoulos,et al.  Real estate appraisal: a review of valuation methods , 2003 .

[47]  A study of micro‐level variation in appraisal‐based capitalisation rates , 2009 .

[48]  Norman Hutchison,et al.  The reporting of risk in real estate appraisal property risk scoring , 2005 .

[49]  Thomas Lützkendorf,et al.  Sustainability in property valuation: theory and practice , 2008 .

[50]  Aspects of information processing in valuation judgement and choice , 1994 .