MSE period based estimation of first quantization step in double compressed JPEG images

Abstract The estimation of the first quantization step in double JPEG compressed images is still a challenging problem, especially when the first quantization step q 1 is smaller than the second quantization step q 2 . In this paper, we present a novel method to estimate q 1 . By introducing the mean square error (MSE) sequence of ratios among DCT coefficient histogram bins, we formulate the relationship between its periodic fluctuation and q 1 . And in order to enhance the periodic effect, we propose a strategy to adjust the histogram. Then, based on MSE sequence, several q 1 candidates can be obtained. Finally by histogram comparison, the estimated quantization step is selected from the candidates. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach has better overall performance when compared with state of the art methods.

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