Modeling and simulation of passive and active solar thermal systems

This chapter presents major passive solar technologies and systems, followed by in-depth sections on their modeling using both analytical and numerical models. Next, more recent developments are described with a focus on building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal systems and net-zero energy solar homes that combine passive and active systems to produce as much energy from sunlight as they consume in an average year. The proper sizing of the components of an active solar system is a complex problem that includes both predictable and unpredictable parameters. Predictable parameters are related to the performance characteristics of the collector and other components, and the unpredictable parameters mainly concern weather data (solar radiation, ambient temperature, wind speed, and direction). In the second part of this chapter, various design methods are presented as well as an overview of the simulation techniques and programs suitable for active solar heating and cooling systems. The design methods presented include the f-chart and utilizability methods. For more detailed results, modeling and simulation is used. The software programs described briefly in this chapter include F-chart, TRNSYS, and WATSUN.

[1]  Jane H. Davidson,et al.  A model and heat transfer correlation for rooftop integrated photovoltaics with a passive air cooling channel , 2009 .

[2]  Deo Prasad,et al.  Modelling of a photovoltaic heat recovery system and its role in a design decision support tool for building professionals , 2002 .

[3]  Adel A. Hegazy,et al.  Comparative study of the performances of four photovoltaic/thermal solar air collectors. , 2000 .

[4]  W. Beckman,et al.  Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes , 1985 .

[5]  J. C. Jaeger,et al.  Conduction of Heat in Solids , 1952 .

[6]  Naokatsu Miura,et al.  Flow Control and Unsteady-State Analysis on Thermal Performance of Solar Air Collectors , 2006 .

[7]  S. Kalogirou.  Solar Energy Engineering: Processes and Systems , 2009 .

[8]  Bernard Bourges,et al.  APPLICATION OF UTILIZABILITY COMPUTATION METHODS TO EUROPE AND AFRICA , 1986 .

[9]  Y. Poissant,et al.  Experimental and numerical results for a building-integrated photovoltaics test facility , 2005, Conference Record of the Thirty-first IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 2005..

[10]  Andreas K. Athienitis,et al.  Optimization of the performance of double-façades with integrated photovoltaic panels and motorized blinds , 2006 .

[11]  F. Dittus,et al.  Heat transfer in automobile radiators of the tubular type , 1930 .

[12]  Bent Sørensen,et al.  Photovoltaic/Thermal Solar Collectors and their Potential in Denmark , 2001 .

[13]  Refrigerating.  ASHRAE handbook of fundamentals , 1967 .

[14]  Andreas K. Athienitis,et al.  Convective Heat Transfer Coefficients in a Building-Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal System , 2011 .

[15]  D. L. King,et al.  Photovoltaic module performance and durability following long‐term field exposure , 2000 .

[16]  William A. Beckman,et al.  Solar heating design, by the f-chart method , 1977 .

[17]  Hongxing Yang,et al.  Numerical evaluation of the mixed convective heat transfer in a double-pane window integrated with see-through a-Si PV cells with low-e coatings , 2010 .

[18]  H. P. Garg,et al.  Conventional hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) air heating collectors: steady-state simulation , 1997 .

[19]  H.X. Yang,et al.  Validated simulation for thermal regulation of photovoltaic wall structures , 1996, Conference Record of the Twenty Fifth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 1996.

[20]  W. Beckman,et al.  A general design method for closed-loop solar energy systems , 1977 .

[21]  Steve Sharples,et al.  Full-scale measurements of wind-induced convective heat transfer from a roof-mounted flat plate solar collector , 1998 .

[22]  William A. Beckman,et al.  A design procedure for solar air heating systems , 1976 .

[23]  Andreas K. Athienitis,et al.  A prototype photovoltaic/thermal system integrated with transpired collector , 2011 .

[24]  Benjamin Y. H. Liu,et al.  The long-term average performance of flat-plate solar-energy collectors , 1963 .

[25]  Candanedo Ibarra,et al.  Modelling and evaluation of the performance of building-integrated open loop air-based photovoltaic/thermal systems , 2010 .

[26]  Yuxiang Chen,et al.  Modeling, design and thermal performance of a BIPV/T system thermally coupled with a ventilated concrete slab in a low energy solar house: Part 1, BIPV/T system and house energy concept , 2010 .

[27]  Soteris A. Kalogirou,et al.  Solar thermal collectors and applications , 2004 .

[28]  Andreas K. Athienitis,et al.  DESIGN OF ADVANCED SOLAR HOMES AIMED AT NET-ZERO ANNUAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN CANADA , 2008 .

[29]  A. Johary,et al.  Heat Transfer During Wind Flow over Rectangular Bodies in the Natural Environment , 1981 .

[30]  J. Duffie,et al.  Estimation of the diffuse radiation fraction for hourly, daily and monthly-average global radiation , 1982 .

[31]  Manuel Collares-Pereira,et al.  Simple Procedure for Predicting Long-Term Average Performance of Nonconcentrating and of Concentrating Solar Collectors , 1979 .

[32]  S. Klein,et al.  Calculation of the monthly-average transmittance-absorptance product , 1979 .

[33]  Andreas K. Athienitis,et al.  Thermal Analysis and Design of Passive Solar Buildings , 2000 .

[34]  Andreas K. Athienitis,et al.  A Two-Dimensional Model of a Double-Façade With Integrated Photovoltaic Panels , 2006 .

[35]  Sanford Klein,et al.  Calculation of flat-plate collector utilizability , 1978 .

[36]  Manuel Collares-Pereira,et al.  Derivation of method for predicting long term average energy delivery of solar collectors , 1979 .

[37]  Austin Whillier,et al.  Solar energy collection and its utilization for house heating , 1953 .

[38]  W. Beckman,et al.  A design procedure for solar heating systems , 1976 .

[39]  W. Beckman,et al.  Algorithm for Evaluating the Hourly Radiation Utilizability Function , 1983 .

[40]  Ursula Eicker,et al.  Solar technologies for buildings , 2003 .

[41]  Paul Berdahl,et al.  Emissivity of clear skies , 1984 .

[42]  Zahari Ibarahim,et al.  A validated model of naturally ventilated PV cladding , 2000 .

[43]  K.G.T. Hollands,et al.  Discrete fourier series models for building auxiliary energy loads based on network formulation techniques , 1987 .

[44]  Andreas K. Athienitis,et al.  Modeling of energy performance of a house with three configurations of building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal systems , 2010 .

[45]  Dirk Saelens,et al.  The inlet temperature as a boundary condition for multiple-skin facade modelling , 2004 .

[46]  Andreas K. Athienitis,et al.  Numerical and Experimental Study of Heat Transfer in a BIPV-Thermal System , 2007 .

[47]  Liang Liao.  Numerical and experimental investigation of building-integrated photovoltaic-thermal systems , 2005 .

[48]  J. J. Bloem,et al.  Evaluation of a PV-integrated building application in a well-controlled outdoor test environment , 2008 .

[49]  A. Rabl,et al.  The average distribution of solar radiation-correlations between diffuse and hemispherical and between daily and hourly insolation values , 1979 .

[50]  D. L. King,et al.  Measuring solar spectral and angle-of-incidence effects on photovoltaic modules and solar irradiance sensors , 1997, Conference Record of the Twenty Sixth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 1997.