Reading to write an argumentation: the role of epistemological, reading and writing beliefs

The general aim of this study was to examine the relations among epistemological, reading and writing beliefs held by psychology undergraduates and the role played by these three types of belief in influencing the degree of perspectivism manifested in a written argumentation task based on reading two texts presenting conflicting perspectives on the same topic. A total of 118 fourth-year psychology students took part. Only 76 students performed the written argumentation task. The three types of belief were assessed using different questionnaires. The results show that the different types of belief do not occur in isolation, but have an internal coherence. They also indicate that only reading beliefs, together with the degree of perspectivism shown in a prior argumentation task, help to predict the degree of perspectivism in the written task following the reading of the texts.

[1]  Päivi Tynjälä,et al.  Writing as a Learning Tool: Integrating Theory and Practice. Studies in Writing, Volume 7. , 2001 .

[2]  E. Nussbaum,et al.  Promoting Argument-Counterargument Integration in Students' Writing , 2007 .

[3]  Jennifer Wiley,et al.  Constructing arguments from multiple sources: Tasks that promote understanding and not just memory for text. , 1999 .

[4]  S. Toulmin The uses of argument , 1960 .

[5]  Brenda Spatt Writing from sources , 1983 .

[6]  D. Kuhn Education for Thinking , 1986, Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education.

[7]  Marlene Schommer Effects of beliefs about the nature of knowledge on comprehension. , 1990 .

[8]  Gregory Schraw,et al.  Reader beliefs and meaning construction in narrative text. , 2000 .

[9]  Marlene Schommer The influence of age and education on epistemological beliefs , 1998 .

[10]  Mary Jane White,et al.  Implicit writing beliefs and their relation to writing quality , 2005 .

[11]  Gregory Schraw,et al.  Readers' implicit models of reading , 1996 .

[12]  P. Pintrich,et al.  Personal Epistemology The Psychology of Beliefs About Knowledge and Knowing , 2002 .

[13]  Ch. Perelman,et al.  The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation , 1971 .

[14]  E. Michael Nussbaum,et al.  Using Argumentation Vee Diagrams (AVDs) for Promoting Argument-Counterargument Integration in Reflective Writing. , 2008 .

[15]  Eduardo Vidal-Abarca,et al.  The Effects of Tasks on Integrating Information From Multiple Documents , 2008 .

[16]  Michael Weinstock,et al.  What is epistemological thinking and why does it matter , 2002 .

[17]  Mar Mateos,et al.  Reading and writing tasks on different university degree courses: what do the students say they do? , 2007 .

[18]  Nancy Nelson Spivey,et al.  The Constructivist Metaphor: Reading, Writing, and the Making of Meaning , 1996 .

[19]  D. A. Kenny,et al.  The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. , 1986, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[20]  P. Pintrich,et al.  The Development of Epistemological Theories: Beliefs About Knowledge and Knowing and Their Relation to Learning , 1997 .

[21]  James F. Voss,et al.  Argumentation in Psychology: Background Comments , 2001 .

[22]  C. Kardash,et al.  Effects of preexisiting beliefs, epistemological beliefs, and need for cognition on interpretation of controversial issues. , 1996 .

[23]  W. Mcginley The Role of Reading and Writing while Composing from Sources. , 1992 .

[24]  Mar Mateos,et al.  Synthesising information from various texts: A study of procedures and products at different educational levels , 2009 .

[25]  Lucia Mason,et al.  Role of epistemological understanding and interest in interpreting a controversy and in topic-specific belief change , 2004 .

[26]  Lourdes Díaz Rodríguez,et al.  The epistemological beliefs, learning approaches and study orchestrations of university students , 2006 .

[27]  D. Kuhn THE SKILLS OF ARGUMENT , 2008, Education for Thinking.

[28]  N. Castells,et al.  Lectura, escritura y adquisición de conocimientos en Educación Secundaria y Educación Universitaria , 2005 .

[29]  David W. Smith,et al.  From conception to performance: How undergraduate students conceptualise and construct essays , 1998 .

[30]  Marlene Schommer Epistemological development and academic performance among secondary students. , 1993 .

[31]  M. Scardamalia,et al.  The psychology of written composition , 1987 .

[32]  Thomas W. Bean,et al.  Reading in the Content Areas: Social Constructivist Dimensions , 2000 .

[33]  John M. Swales,et al.  Genre Analysis: English in Academic and Research Settings , 1993 .

[34]  M. Schommer-Aikins Explaining the Epistemological Belief System: Introducing the Embedded Systemic Model and Coordinated Research Approach , 2004 .

[35]  P. David Pearson Handbook of reading research. , 1990 .

[36]  M. A. Britt,et al.  Using multiple sources of evidence to reason about history. , 1996 .

[37]  D. Kuhn A Developmental Model of Critical Thinking , 1999 .

[38]  Ellen Lavelle,et al.  The writing approaches of secondary students. , 2002, The British journal of educational psychology.

[39]  Raymond P. Polivka Reading to write , 1990 .

[40]  Lucia Mason,et al.  Prediction of students' argumentation skills about controversial topics by epistemological understanding , 2006 .

[41]  K. Hyland,et al.  Directives: argument and engagement in academic writing. , 2002 .

[42]  P. Tynjälä Writing, Learning And The Development Of Expertise In Higher Education , 2001 .

[43]  S Graham,et al.  Knowledge of Writing and the Composing Process, Attitude Toward Writing, and Self-Efficacy for Students With and Without Learning Disabilities , 1993, Journal of learning disabilities.

[44]  Rachel Segev-Miller,et al.  Writing from Sources: The Effect of Explicit Instruction on College Students' Processes and Products , 2004 .