Photostimulation of astrocytes with femtosecond laser pulses.

The involvement of astrocytes in brain functions rather than support has been identified and widely concerned. However the lack of an effective stimulation of astrocytes hampers our understanding of their essential roles. Here, we employed 800-nm near infrared (NIR) femtosecond laser to induce Ca2+ wave in astrocytes. It was demonstrated that photostimulation of astrocytes with femtosecond laser pulses is efficient with the advantages of non-contact, non-disruptiveness, reproducibility, and high spatiotemporal precision. Photostimulation of astrocytes would facilitate investigations on information processing in neuronal circuits by providing effective way to excite astrocytes.

[1]  Kazuyoshi Itoh,et al.  Femtosecond laser disruption of subcellular organelles in a living cell. , 2004, Optics express.

[2]  Shaoqun Zeng,et al.  Construction of multiphoton laser scanning microscope based on dual-axis acousto-optic deflector , 2006 .

[3]  D. Kleinfeld,et al.  Targeted insult to subsurface cortical blood vessels using ultrashort laser pulses: three models of stroke , 2006, Nature Methods.

[4]  Karsten König,et al.  Cell biology: Targeted transfection by femtosecond laser , 2002, Nature.

[5]  J B Shear,et al.  Photolysis of caged calcium in femtoliter volumes using two-photon excitation. , 1999, Biophysical journal.

[6]  Kazuyoshi Itoh,et al.  In vivo manipulation of fluorescently labeled organelles in living cells by multiphoton excitation. , 2008, Journal of biomedical optics.

[7]  P. Magistretti,et al.  Astrocytes generate Na+-mediated metabolic waves. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[8]  A. Verkhratsky,et al.  Glial calcium: homeostasis and signaling function. , 1998, Physiological reviews.

[9]  I. Módy,et al.  Kinetic properties of DM-nitrophen binding to calcium and magnesium. , 2005, Biophysical journal.

[10]  U. Parlitz,et al.  Energy balance of optical breakdown in water at nanosecond to femtosecond time scales , 1999 .

[11]  E. Newman,et al.  Propagation of Intercellular Calcium Waves in Retinal Astrocytes and Müller Cells , 2001, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[12]  M. Nedergaard,et al.  Direct signaling from astrocytes to neurons in cultures of mammalian brain cells. , 1994, Science.

[13]  T. Takano,et al.  Signaling at the Gliovascular Interface , 2003, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[14]  Satoshi Kawata,et al.  Generation of calcium waves in living cells by pulsed-laser-induced photodisruption , 2001 .

[15]  P. Haydon,et al.  Imaging Extracellular Waves of Glutamate during Calcium Signaling in Cultured Astrocytes , 2000, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[16]  Karsten König,et al.  Femtosecond near-infrared laser pulses as a versatile non-invasive tool for intra-tissue nanoprocessing in plants without compromising viability. , 2002, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology.

[17]  G. Ellis‐Davies.  DM-nitrophen AM is caged magnesium. , 2006, Cell calcium.

[18]  Satoshi Kawata,et al.  Location-dependent photogeneration of calcium waves in HeLa cells , 2007, Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics.

[19]  K König,et al.  Nanodissection of human chromosomes with near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses. , 2001, Optics letters.

[20]  A. Charles,et al.  Intercellular signaling in glial cells: Calcium waves and oscillations in response to mechanical stimulation and glutamate , 1991, Neuron.

[21]  Satoshi Kawata,et al.  Photostimulation of two types of Ca2+ waves in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells by ultrashort pulsed near-infrared laser irradiation , 2006 .

[22]  Qingming Luo,et al.  Regulated ATP release from astrocytes through lysosome exocytosis , 2007, Nature Cell Biology.

[23]  Mehmet Fatih Yanik,et al.  Neurosurgery: Functional regeneration after laser axotomy , 2004, Nature.

[24]  H. Berg,et al.  Supporting Online Material Materials and Methods Som Text Figs. S1 to S7 Tables S1 to S3 References Movies S1 to S6 Tuned Responses of Astrocytes and Their Influence on Hemodynamic Signals in the Visual Cortex , 2022 .

[25]  N I Smith,et al.  A femtosecond laser pacemaker for heart muscle cells. , 2008, Optics express.

[26]  Leonardo Sacconi,et al.  In vivo multiphoton nanosurgery on cortical neurons. , 2007, Journal of biomedical optics.

[27]  Todd A Fiacco,et al.  Intracellular Astrocyte Calcium Waves In Situ Increase the Frequency of Spontaneous AMPA Receptor Currents in CA1 Pyramidal Neurons , 2004, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[28]  K. McCarthy,et al.  Adenosine Receptors Modulate [Ca2+]i in Hippocampal Astrocytes In Situ , 1995, Journal of neurochemistry.

[29]  A. Charles,et al.  Intercellular calcium waves in glia , 1998, Glia.

[30]  Giorgio Carmignoto,et al.  Reciprocal communication systems between astrocytes and neurones , 2000, Progress in Neurobiology.

[31]  G. Ellis‐Davies,et al.  Two-photon and UV-laser flash photolysis of the Ca2+ cage, dimethoxynitrophenyl-EGTA-4. , 1999, Cell calcium.

[32]  J. Meldolesi,et al.  Astrocytes, from brain glue to communication elements: the revolution continues , 2005, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[33]  G. Carmignoto,et al.  Astrocyte control of synaptic transmission and neurovascular coupling. , 2006, Physiological reviews.

[34]  Rafael Yuste,et al.  Multiphoton stimulation of neurons. , 2002, Journal of neurobiology.

[35]  S. Zeng,et al.  Monitor and control of neuronal activities with femtosecond pulse laser , 2008 .

[36]  Kazuyoshi Itoh,et al.  Single-organelle tracking by two-photon conversion. , 2007, Optics express.

[37]  Joachim W. Deitmer,et al.  Calcium signalling in glial cells , 1998 .

[38]  L Leybaert,et al.  Inositol‐trisphosphate‐dependent intercellular calcium signaling in and between astrocytes and endothelial cells , 1998, Glia.

[39]  A. Vogel,et al.  Mechanisms of femtosecond laser nanosurgery of cells and tissues , 2005 .

[40]  S. Goldman,et al.  New roles for astrocytes: Redefining the functional architecture of the brain , 2003, Trends in Neurosciences.