Perceptions and Liking Distortion from Information about the Nutritional Upgrades in Biofortified Seafood Products

(1) Background: As biofortified fish meat is becoming increasingly available, the use of supplements within fish feed may impact consumers’ perceptions and their willingness to pay (WTP) for the product. This study focused on evaluating the sensory liking of, and WTP for, fish produced with fortified feed while understanding the role played by the acquired information on fish fortification. (2) Methods: Hedonic ratings and WTP were measured in an experimental bid. The participants (n = 91) were asked to rate pleasantness and WTP during two different rounds: (i) appearance–information–tasting and (ii) appearance–tasting–information. A total of three fish species (carp, seabream, and trout) were presented to the consumers as being either fortified (with iodine, selenium, and omega-3 fatty acids) or conventional products. (3) Results: For pleasantness, no significant differences were found between the fortified and conventional fish. In contrast, substantial differences emerged when information regarding the products was provided. Providing the relevant information before tasting affected how much the consumers liked the conventional fish, resulting in a preference for it over the fortified fish. Additionally, consumers are willing to pay more for fortified fish, especially when information with respect to fortification is available. Nevertheless, when information about fortification was provided before tasting, the consumer’s expectations were not fulfilled. (4) Conclusions: The outcomes of this study clearly indicate that the presence of relevant information impacts how much people like fortified versus conventional fish, as well as their WTP.

[1]  Rodolfo M. Nayga,et al.  Carbon footprint information, prices, and restaurant wine choices by customers: A natural field experiment , 2021 .

[2]  W. C. Mcroberts,et al.  The future is bright: Biofortification of common foods can improve vitamin D status , 2021, Critical reviews in food science and nutrition.

[3]  W. Verbeke,et al.  Assessing consumers' attitudes, expectations and intentions towards health and sustainability regarding seafood consumption in Italy. , 2021, The Science of the total environment.

[4]  A. Mattila,et al.  The effect of ad appeals and message framing on consumer responses to plant-based menu items , 2021, International Journal of Hospitality Management.

[5]  Jo‐Shu Chang,et al.  Microalgae as sustainable food and feed sources for animals and humans - Biotechnological and environmental aspects. , 2021, Chemosphere.

[6]  D. Little,et al.  A 20-year retrospective review of global aquaculture , 2021, Nature.

[7]  M. Rayner,et al.  The Effects of Environmental Sustainability Labels on Selection, Purchase, and Consumption of Food and Drink Products: A Systematic Review , 2021, Environment and behavior.

[8]  C. Skjöldebrand,et al.  Liking, preference and practical implications of protein and energy enriched in-between-meals designed for elderly people , 2021, Food & nutrition research.

[9]  K. Fiorella,et al.  Contemporary aquaculture: implications for human nutrition. , 2021, Current opinion in biotechnology.

[10]  Hanne K Mæhre,et al.  An Update on the Content of Fatty Acids, Dioxins, PCBs and Heavy Metals in Farmed, Escaped and Wild Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Norway , 2020, Foods.

[11]  J. Zufía,et al.  Brewers’ Spent Yeast and Grain Protein Hydrolysates as Second-Generation Feedstuff for Aquaculture Feed , 2020, Waste and Biomass Valorization.

[12]  A. Kaviraj,et al.  Fermented mulberry leaf meal as fishmeal replacer in the formulation of feed for carp Labeo rohita and catfish Heteropneustes fossilis—optimization by mathematical programming , 2019, Tropical Animal Health and Production.

[13]  B. Clark,et al.  Consumers’ perception of vitamin D and fortified foods , 2019, British Food Journal.

[14]  A. Daskalova Farmed fish welfare: stress, post-mortem muscle metabolism, and stress-related meat quality changes , 2019, International Aquatic Research.

[15]  J. Mendes,et al.  Farmed fish as a functional food: Perception of fish fortification and the influence of origin – Insights from Portugal , 2019, Aquaculture.

[16]  Qianggong Zhang,et al.  Impacts of farmed fish consumption and food trade on methylmercury exposure in China. , 2018, Environment international.

[17]  Ruoling Chen,et al.  DETERMINANTS OF FISH CONSUMPTION IN OLDER PEOPLE: A COMMUNITY-BASED COHORT STUDY , 2018, Journal of Aging Research and Lifestyle.

[18]  K. Zander,et al.  Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Sustainable Seafood Made in Europe , 2018 .

[19]  Xingan Xing,et al.  Quality parameters of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) raised in lotic and lentic freshwater systems , 2018 .

[20]  M. Siegrist,et al.  European consumer healthiness evaluation of ‘Free-from’ labelled food products , 2017, Food Quality and Preference.

[21]  W. Abrahamse,et al.  Communicating the climate impacts of meat consumption: The effect of values and message framing , 2017 .

[22]  P. Mitchell,et al.  Pattern of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and fish consumption and retinal vascular caliber in children and adolescents: A cohort study , 2017, PloS one.

[23]  I. Peinado,et al.  Odour characteristics of seafood flavour formulations produced with fish by-products incorporating EPA, DHA and fish oil. , 2016, Food chemistry.

[24]  L. Hoffman,et al.  Heavy metals in marine fish meat and consumer health: a review. , 2016, Journal of the science of food and agriculture.

[25]  F. Akaichi,et al.  What are domestic apples worth? Hedonic responses and sensory information as drivers of willingness to pay , 2015 .

[26]  Andrew D. Ho,et al.  Descriptive Statistics for Modern Test Score Distributions , 2015, Educational and psychological measurement.

[27]  R. Jónsdóttir,et al.  Enrichment of convenience seafood with omega-3 and seaweed extracts: Effect on lipid oxidation , 2015 .

[28]  Rosaria Viscecchia,et al.  Consumer purchasing behaviour towards fish and seafood products. Patterns and insights from a sample of international studies , 2015, Appetite.

[29]  Tešić Milan,et al.  Effects of Various Meal Compositions on Production Results, Economic Performance and Fish Meat Quality/Uticaj Različitog Sastava Obroka Na Proizvodnoekonomske Rezultate I Kvalitet Mesa Ribe , 2014 .

[30]  Z. Kallas,et al.  Relative importance of cues underlying Spanish consumers’ beef choice and segmentation, and consumer liking of beef enriched with n-3 and CLA fatty acids , 2014 .

[31]  F. Caracciolo,et al.  Consumer fears and familiarity of processed food. The value of information provided by the FTNS , 2014, Appetite.

[32]  D. Birch,et al.  The Role of Habit, Childhood Consumption, Familiarity, and Attitudes Across Seafood Consumption Segments in Australia , 2014 .

[33]  G. N. Rao Physico-Chemical, Functional and Antioxidant Properties of Roe Protein Concentrates from Cyprinus carpio and Epinephelus tauvina , 2013 .

[34]  Carlos Cardoso,et al.  Survey into the seafood consumption preferences and patterns in the portuguese population. Gender and regional variability , 2013, Appetite.

[35]  L. Guerrero,et al.  Consumer preferences for sea fish using conjoint analysis: Exploratory study of the importance of country of origin, obtaining method, storage conditions and purchasing price , 2012 .

[36]  Ji Hye Lee,et al.  Effects of sensory labels on taste acceptance of commercial food products , 2012 .

[37]  Paula Varela,et al.  Effects of food package information and sensory characteristics on the perception of healthiness and the acceptability of enriched biscuits , 2012 .

[38]  W. Verbeke,et al.  Health-related attitudes as a basis for segmenting European fish consumers , 2010 .

[39]  N. Martin,et al.  Flavor-active compounds potentially implicated in cooked cauliflower acceptance. , 2002, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry.

[40]  A. Mohammed,et al.  THE ABILITY TO USE SPIRULINA SP. AS FOOD FOR COMMON CARP FISH (CYPRINUS , 2020 .

[41]  R. Koshinsk Effect of Taraxacum officinale Weber ex Wiggers extract on growth performance, biochemical blood parameters and meat quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.), cultivated in a recirculating system. , 2020 .

[42]  K. Velichkova,et al.  The effect of diet supplemented with Proviotic® on growth, blood biochemical parameters and meat quality in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cultivated in recirculation system. , 2019 .

[43]  M. Bianchini,et al.  Use of pig manure as fertilizer with and without supplement feed in pond carp production in Northern Italy , 1995 .