Polysemy and metaphor in perception verbs : a cross-linguistic study

5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 9 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 11 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS POLYSEMY?........ 144 1.1. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS 15 1.1.1. MAIN TENETS IN COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS 17 1.1.2. METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES 19 1.1.3. SUMMARY 26 1.2. THE STATE OF ART IN POLYSEMY 26 1.2.1. TRADITIONAL APPROACHES TO POLYSEMY: WHAT IS POLYSEMY? WHAT IS HOMONYMY? 27 1.2.2. COGNITIVE SEMANTICS 33 1.2.3. LEXICAL SEMANTICS AND THE GENERATIVE LEXICON 35 1.2.4. SUMMARY 38 1.3. ORGANISATION OF THE THESIS 39 CHAPTER 2: THE SEMANTIC FIELD OF SENSE PERCEPTION41 2.1. SOURCES OF THE LANGUAGE MATERIAL 41 2.2. PHYSICAL MEANINGS IN PERCEPTION VERBS 42 2.2.1. SEMANTIC CLASSIFICATIONS OF PERCEPTION VERBS 42 2.2.2. CROSS-LINGUISTIC DATA: BASQUE AND SPANISH 46 2.2.2.1. Basque Perception Verbs 46

[1]  G. Lakoff,et al.  More than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor , 1991 .

[2]  B. Keysar,et al.  Intuitions of the transparency of idioms: Can one keep a secret by spilling the beans? , 1995 .

[3]  E. H. Hutten.  SEMANTICS , 1953, The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science.

[4]  Noam Chomsky.  Current Issues in Linguistic Theory , 1964 .

[5]  S. Fiske,et al.  Social Psychology , 2019, Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences.

[6]  Christopher Johnson,et al.  Metaphor vs. conflation in the acquisition of polysemy: The case of see , 1999 .

[7]  T. Engen,et al.  Associations to odors: interference, mnemonics, and verbal labeling. , 1977, Journal of experimental psychology. Human learning and memory.

[8]  Leonard Talmy,et al.  Force Dynamics in Language and Cognition , 1987, Cogn. Sci..

[9]  Dirk Geeraerts,et al.  Diachronic Prototype Semantics: A Contribution to Historical Lexicology , 1997 .

[10]  A. Wierzbicka.  Human Emotions: Universal or Culture-Specific? , 1986 .

[11]  P. Kay.  Synchronic variability and diachronic change in basic color terms , 1975, Language in Society.

[12]  E. Rosch,et al.  Family resemblances: Studies in the internal structure of categories , 1975, Cognitive Psychology.

[13]  G. Lakoff.  The Invariance Hypothesis: is abstract reason based on image-schemas? , 1990 .

[14]  M. Danesi,et al.  Thinking is seeing: Visual metaphors and the nature of abstract thought , 1990 .

[15]  “Locations”, “paths” and the Cora verb , 1993 .

[16]  L. M. Beidler,et al.  RENEWAL OF CELLS WITHIN TASTE BUDS , 1965, The Journal of cell biology.

[17]  V. OmerSilva.  The Literary Mind , 1999 .

[18]  Thomas V. Getchell,et al.  Smell and Taste in Health and Disease , 1992, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[19]  John Dinsmore,et al.  Book review: MENTAL SPACES: ASPECTS OF MEANING CONSTRUCTION IN NATURAL LANGUAGE by Gilles Fauconnier (Bradford/MIT Press) , 1987, SGAR.

[20]  L. Talmy.  Lexicalisation patterns: semantic structure in lexical forms , 1985 .

[21]  J. Sadock,et al.  Ambiguity Tests and How to Fail Them , 1975 .

[22]  Semantic extensions in the sense of smell , 1996 .

[23]  A. Wierzbicka.  The meaning of color terms: semantics, culture, and cognition , 1990 .

[24]  G. Nunberg.  The non-uniqueness of semantic solutions: Polysemy , 1979 .

[25]  Roland Harper,et al.  Human senses in action , 1972 .

[26]  D. G. MacKay,et al.  Metaphor and Thought , 1980 .

[27]  K. Hengeveld,et al.  The hierarchical structure of the clause and the typology of perception-verb complements , 1991 .

[28]  Günter Radden,et al.  Metonymy in language and thought , 1999 .

[29]  Radden Günter.  How metonymic are metaphors , 2002 .

[30]  Uriel Weinreich,et al.  Explorations in semantic theory , 1972 .

[31]  Geoffrey Leech,et al.  Meaning and the English Verb , 1971 .

[32]  Constance Classen,et al.  Worlds of Sense: Exploring the Senses in History and Across Cultures , 1993 .

[33]  Mark Rowlands,et al.  The body in mind , 1999 .

[34]  B. Landau.  Language and experience , 1985 .

[35]  A. Sánchez.  Clarifying and applying the notions of metaphor and metonymy within Cognitive Linguistics , 1997 .

[36]  Lloyd F. Craver.  WEBSTER'S THIRD , 1969 .

[37]  Friedrich Ungerer,et al.  An introduction to cognitive linguistics , 1999 .

[38]  I. Ibarretxe-Antuñano.  Predictable vs. unpredictable polysemy , 1999 .

[39]  D. Caplan.  A note on the abstract readings of verbs of perception , 1973 .

[40]  H. H. Hock.  Principles of historical linguistics , 1986 .

[41]  Andrew Daylon Rogers,et al.  Physical perception verbs in English : a study in lexical relatedness , 1974 .

[42]  Gilles Fauconnier,et al.  Conceptual Integration Networks , 1998, Cogn. Sci..

[43]  David Tuggy.  Ambiguity, polysemy, and vagueness , 1993 .

[44]  Å. Viberg.  The verbs of perception: a typological study , 1983 .

[45]  Brian Butterworth,et al.  Explanations for Language Universals , 1984 .

[46]  Ted Briscoe,et al.  Semi-productive Polysemy and Sense Extension , 1995, J. Semant..

[47]  G. Lakoff.  Philosophy in the flesh , 1999 .

[48]  René Dirven,et al.  Metonymy and metaphor: different mental strategies of conceptualisation , 1993 .

[49]  R. M. Boynton,et al.  Locating basic colors in the OSA space , 1987 .

[50]  L. Goossens,et al.  By Word of Mouth: Metaphor, Metonymy and Linguistic Action in a Cognitive Perspective , 1995 .

[51]  S. Ullmann.  The principles of semantics , 1959 .

[52]  Hans Kamp,et al.  Some remarks on the logic of change, Part I , 1980 .

[53]  M. Harris,et al.  Etymologisches Worterbuch der baskischen Sprache , 1970 .

[54]  F. D. Saussure.  Cours de linguistique générale , 1924 .

[55]  A. Goatly.  The language of metaphors , 1997 .

[56]  Kaoru Hone.  A Cross-linguistic Study of Perception and Cognition Verb Complements: A Cognitive Perspective , 1993 .

[57]  Mark Turner,et al.  Reading Minds: The Study of English in the Age of Cognitive Science , 1997 .

[58]  MARK JOHNSON.  Philosophical implications of cognitive semantics , 1992 .

[59]  M. Turner.  The literary mind. , 1997 .

[60]  Michael Halliday,et al.  An Introduction to Functional Grammar , 1985 .

[61]  James Pustejovsky,et al.  On The Semantic Interpretation of Nominals , 1988, COLING.

[62]  Michael J. Reddy.  Metaphor and Thought: The conduit metaphor: A case of frame conflict in our language about language , 1993 .

[63]  Adelman.  Sensory Systems: II: Senses Other than Vision , 1988 .

[64]  Kim Plunkett,et al.  Comparative Spatial Semantics and Language Acquisition: Evidence from Danish, English, and Japanese , 1994, J. Semant..

[65]  G. Lakoff.  The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor , 1993 .

[66]  Gilles Fauconnier,et al.  Conceptual Integration and Formal Expression , 1995 .

[67]  Carl Darling Buck.  A dictionary of selected synonyms in the principal Indo-European languages , 1949 .

[68]  Pierre Lhande.  Dictionnaire basque-français et français-basque : dialectes labourdin, bas-navarrais et souletin , 1926 .

[69]  Thomas L. Willett.  A Cross-Linguistic Survey of the Grammaticization of Evidentiality , 1988 .

[70]  A. Sánchez.  Cognitive Linguistics: A Usable Approach , 1997 .

[71]  Claudia Brugman,et al.  Story of over , 1983 .

[72]  PRIMACY RELATIONS AMONG ENGLISH SENSATION REFERENTS , 1974 .

[73]  Julio Cejador y Frauca.  Vocabulario medieval castellano , 1932 .

[74]  Luis Michelena.  Textos arcaicos vascos , 1964 .

[75]  Effect of Practice and Instruction on Olfactory Thresholds , 1960 .

[76]  D. Howes,et al.  The varieties of sensory experience : a sourcebook in the anthropology of the senses , 1992 .

[77]  Dov M. Gabbay,et al.  Handbook of Philosophical Logic , 2002 .

[78]  Julio Casares,et al.  Diccionario ideológico de la lengua española , 1942 .

[79]  M. Black.  More about metaphor , 1977 .

[80]  Leonard Talmy,et al.  Path to Realization: A Typology of Event Conflation , 1991 .

[81]  An Interview with George Lakoff , 1997 .

[82]  P. Kay.  Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution , 1969 .

[83]  Seizi Iwata.  INVARIANCE AGAIN: WHAT IS PRESERVED IN A METAPHORICAL MAPPING? , 1995 .

[84]  Geoffrey Leech,et al.  Semantics: The Study of Meaning , 1974 .

[85]  Luis Mari Mujika.  Latina eta erromanikoaren eragina euskaran (Euskal lexikoaren azterketa bideetan) , 1982 .

[86]  Noam Chomsky.  Knowledge of Language , 1986 .

[87]  D. Sperber,et al.  Relevance: Communication and Cognition , 1997 .

[88]  G. Lakoff.  Women, fire, and dangerous things : what categories reveal about the mind , 1989 .

[89]  Studies in Thought and Language , 1970 .

[90]  F. R. Palmer,et al.  A linguistic study of the English verb , 1968 .

[91]  Terence H. Wilbur,et al.  Fonetica historica vasca , 1980 .

[92]  Edith A. Moravcsik,et al.  Universals of human language , 1978 .

[93]  James Pustejovsky,et al.  Lexical Semantics: The Problem of Polysemy , 1997 .

[94]  E. Rosch,et al.  Cognition and Categorization , 1980 .

[95]  V. G. Diego,et al.  Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico , 1985 .

[96]  R. Langacker.  Reference-point constructions , 1993 .

[97]  D. G. Moulton.  Minimum Odorant Concentrations Detectable by the Dog and Their Implications for Olfactory Receptor Sensitivity , 1977 .

[98]  Susan S. Schiffman,et al.  The issue of primary tastes versus a taste continuum , 1980, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[99]  G. Lakoff,et al.  Metaphors We Live by , 1982 .

[100]  Eve Sweetser.  From Etymology To Pragmatics , 1990 .

[101]  Claudia Brugman.  The Story of over : polysemy, semantics, and the structure of the lexicon , 1988 .

[102]  H. Stephen Straight,et al.  Concept, Image, and Symbol , 1993 .

[103]  M. Richard,et al.  How I Say What You Think , 1989 .

[104]  Lis A. Thorseng,et al.  A coding system for spatial relational reference , 1995 .

[105]  José Ignacio Hualde,et al.  Towards a history of the Basque language , 1996 .

[106]  R. Gómez,et al.  On the origin of the finite forms of the Basque verb , 1996 .

[107]  I. Lehiste,et al.  Principles and Methods for Historical Linguistics , 1979 .

[108]  G. Lakoff,et al.  Philosophy in the flesh : the embodied mind and its challenge to Western thought , 1999 .

[109]  P. Berrondo.  Diccionario vasco-castellano , 1981 .

[110]  Z. Kövecses,et al.  American friendship and the scope of metaphor , 1995 .

[111]  J. P. Postgate,et al.  Semantics: studies in the science of meaning , 1900 .

[112]  L. Bloomfield.  An Introduction to the Study of Language , 1916 .

[113]  Gilles Fauconnier,et al.  Mental Spaces: Aspects of Meaning Construction in Natural Language , 1985 .

[114]  George Lakoff,et al.  Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things , 1987 .

[115]  D. Sparks.  Neural cartography: sensory and motor maps in the superior colliculus. , 1988, Brain, behavior and evolution.

[116]  Joxean Sagastizabal,et al.  Zorotariko euskal hiztegia , 1996 .

[117]  Leonard Talmy,et al.  Figure and Ground in Complex Sentences , 1975 .

[118]  SYNTACTIC FLEXIBILITY AMONG ENGLISH SENSATION REFERENTS , 1974 .

[119]  David R. Dowty,et al.  Introduction to Montague semantics , 1980 .

[120]  Poetry: Metaphor and the Conceptual Context of Invention , 1990 .

[121]  G. Miller,et al.  Language and Perception , 1976 .

[122]  金權鎬.  Semantics, An Introduction to The Science of Meaning , 1965 .

[123]  S. Potter,et al.  Universals of Language , 1966 .

[124]  G. Murphy.  On metaphoric representation , 1996, Cognition.

[125]  Martin Löpelmann.  Etymologisches Wörterbuch der baskischen Sprache : Dialekte von Labourd, Nieder-Navarra und La Soule , 1968 .

[126]  Susan Jean Lindner.  A lexico-semantic analysis of English verb particle constructions with out and up , 1981 .

[128]  Pasquale P. C. Graziadei,et al.  Olfactory System, Turnover and Regeneration , 1988 .

[129]  Günter Radden,et al.  Towards a Theory of Metonymy , 1999 .

[130]  Paul Kay,et al.  Prototype semantics: The English Word Lie , 1981 .

[131]  C. Fillmore.  An Alternative to Checklist Theories of Meaning , 1975 .

[132]  Christina Alm-Arvius,et al.  The English Verb See : A Study in Multiple Meaning , 1995 .

[133]  Stephen Ullmann,et al.  Semantics: An Introduction to the Science of Meaning , 1962 .

[134]  W. Goodenough,et al.  Explorations in cultural anthropology , 1964 .

[135]  Eleanor Rosch,et al.  Principles of Categorization , 1978 .

[136]  Eve Sweetser.  Polysemy vs. Abstraction: Mutually Exclusive or Complementary? , 1986 .

[137]  Linda R. Waugh,et al.  Discourse and perspective in cognitive linguistics , 1997 .

[138]  M. Turner,et al.  Death Is the Mother of Beauty , 1987 .

[139]  Joseph H. Greenberg,et al.  Current trends in linguistics. , 1959, Science.

[140]  J. Fodor,et al.  The structure of a semantic theory , 1963 .

[141]  J. Fisiak,et al.  Papers and Studies in Contrastive Linguistics , 1990 .

[142]  Gorka Aulestia,et al.  Basque-English dictionary , 1989 .

[143]  M. Black,et al.  Translations from the philosophical writings of Gottlob Frege , 1953 .

[144]  A. Lehrer.  Polysemy, conventionality, and the structure of the lexicon , 1990 .

[145]  What is the Invariance Hypothesis? , 1990 .

[146]  F. G. Worden,et al.  The neurosciences : third study program , 1974 .

[147]  E. Casad,et al.  Cora locationals and structured imagery , 1992 .

[148]  Z. Vendler.  Linguistics in Philosophy , 1967 .

[149]  S. Schiffman.  Physicochemical correlates of olfactory quality. , 1974, Science.

[150]  G. Fauconnier.  Mappings in thought and language , 1997 .

[151]  Geoffrey Nunberg,et al.  Transfers of Meaning , 1995, J. Semant..

[152]  F. Nuessel.  More Than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor , 1990 .

[153]  J. Pascual,et al.  Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico , 1980 .

[154]  Charles J. Fillmore,et al.  Frames and the semantics of understanding , 1985 .

[155]  Ivan A. Sag,et al.  Book Reviews: Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar and German in Head-driven Phrase-structure Grammar , 1996, CL.

[156]  Metaphorical mappings in the sense of smell , 1999 .

[157]  Louise Vinge.  The five senses : studies in a literary tradition , 1976 .

[158]  Eve Sweetser,et al.  From Etymology to Pragmatics: Preface , 1990 .

[159]  B. Rudzka-Ostyn.  Metaphor, schema, invariance : The case of verbs of answering , 1995 .

[160]  Ernest Weekley,et al.  An etymological dictionary of modern English , 1967 .

[161]  N. Cocchiarella,et al.  Situations and Attitudes. , 1986 .

[162]  R. Bickford,et al.  Selective hemispheric stimulation by unilateral forced nostril breathing. , 1987, Human neurobiology.

[163]  Sandra A. Thompson,et al.  Grammatical constructions : their form and meaning , 1999 .

[164]  Gilles Fauconnier,et al.  Blending as a Central Process of Grammar , 1996 .

[165]  U. Eco,et al.  Meaning and Mental Representations , 1988 .

[166]  J. Katz,et al.  An integrated theory of linguistic descriptions , 1964 .

[167]  D. Mayer.  Sensory Systems I: Vision and Visual Systems , 1991 .

[168]  Graeme Hirst,et al.  Semantic Interpretation and the Resolution of Ambiguity , 1987, Studies in natural language processing.

[169]  D. Holland,et al.  Cultural models in language and thought: An appraisal , 1987 .

[170]  R. Barcia.  Primer diccionario general etimológico de la lengua española , 1879 .

[171]  David Crystal,et al.  A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics , 1997 .

[172]  V. Collings.  Human taste response as a function of locus of stimulation on the tongue and soft palate , 1974 .

[173]  Angel Garcia de Paredes,et al.  Cassell's Spanish-English, English-Spanish Dictionary , 1978 .

[174]  Z. Kövecses,et al.  Metonymy: Developing a cognitive linguistic view , 1998 .

[175]  G. Lakoff,et al.  Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind , 1988 .

[176]  Rafael Lapesa,et al.  Historia de la lengua española , 1955 .

[177]  J. Gibson.  The Senses Considered As Perceptual Systems , 1967 .

[178]  M. Black.  Models and metaphors , 1962 .

[179]  N. Warren.  Studies in cross-cultural psychology , 1977 .

[180]  Noam Chomsky.  Knowledge of language: its nature, origin, and use , 1988 .

[181]  M. Lévesque.  Perception , 1986, The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine.

[182]  D. Clarke,et al.  Polysemy: Patterns of Meaning and Patterns in History , 1997 .

[183]  L. Bragg.  Worlds of Sense: Exploring the Senses in History and across Cultures. Constance Classen , 1995 .

[184]  Uriel Weinreich,et al.  Webster's Third: A Critique of Its Semantics , 1964, International Journal of American Linguistics.

[185]  R. Brown.  How shall a thing be called. , 1958, Psychological review.

[186]  张利生.  谈谈 metaphor 的结构 , 1991 .

[187]  L. Michelena.  Diccionario general vasco = Orotariko euskal hiztegia , 1987 .

[188]  Dietland Müller-Schwarze,et al.  Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 3 , 1983 .

[189]  E. Rosch,et al.  Categorization of Natural Objects , 1981 .

[190]  Frank Boers.  Spatial prepositions and metaphor: A cognitive semantic journey along the up-down and the front-back dimensions , 1996 .

[191]  Adele E. Goldberg,et al.  Conceptual structure, discourse and language , 1996 .

[192]  Chris Sinha,et al.  Distributed Spatial Semantics , 1995, Nordic Journal of Linguistics.

[193]  Eric Partridge,et al.  Origins : an etymological dictionary of modern English , 1966 .

[194]  J. Lyons.  New horizons in linguistics , 1972 .

[195]  Johan van Benthem,et al.  The Logic of Time , 1983 .

[196]  S. G. Gaya.  Tesoro lexicografico : (1492-1726) , 1948 .

[197]  J. Gibson.  The perception of the visual world , 1951 .

[198]  Pauline Réage,et al.  The Story of O , 1995 .

[199]  Walter W. Skeat,et al.  An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language , 1882 .

[200]  Jon Aske,et al.  Path Predicates in English and Spanish: A Closer Look , 1989 .

[201]  James Pustejovsky,et al.  The Generative Lexicon , 1995, CL.

[202]  Claude Vandeloise,et al.  Spatial Prepositions: A Case Study from French , 1991 .

[203]  D. J. Allerton,et al.  Essentials of grammatical theory: A consensus view of syntax and morphology , 1979 .

[204]  M. Wertheimer.  Psychomotor Coordination of Auditory and Visual Space at Birth , 1961, Science.

[205]  Irene Santini de Sigel,et al.  Communication and Cognition , 1998 .

[206]  G. Chierchia,et al.  Formal Semantics , 2020 .

[207]  P. R. Wilkinson,et al.  Thesaurus of Traditional English Metaphors , 2002 .

[208]  A. Lehrer.  Semantic fields and lexical structure , 1974 .

[209]  I. J. Miller,et al.  Variations in human taste bud density and taste intensity perception , 1990, Physiology & Behavior.

[210]  Raimo Anttila,et al.  An introduction to historical and comparative linguistics , 1974 .

[211]  A. Wennberg,et al.  Impaired odor perception in tank cleaners. , 1986, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[212]  B. Landau,et al.  “What” and “where” in spatial language and spatial cognition , 1993 .

[213]  J. Fodor.  The Modularity of mind. An essay on faculty psychology , 1986 .