Development of a Low-Cost Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Display Prototype

Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs) have been emerging in the last years. These technologies sound like the new hot topic for the next years. Head-Mounted Displays have been developed for many different purposes. Users have the opportunity to enjoy these technologies for entertainment, work tasks, and many other daily activities. Despite the recent release of many AR and VR HMDs, two major problems are hindering the AR HMDs from reaching the mainstream market: the extremely high costs and the user experience issues. In order to minimize these problems, we have developed an AR HMD prototype based on a smartphone and on other low-cost materials. The prototype is capable of running Eye Tracking algorithms, which can be used to improve user interaction and user experience. To assess our AR HMD prototype, we choose a state-of-the-art method for eye center location found in the literature and evaluate its real-time performance in different development boards. Development of a Low-Cost Augmented Reality HeadMounted Display Prototype

[1]  Mark Billinghurst,et al.  A Survey of Augmented Reality , 2015, Found. Trends Hum. Comput. Interact..

[2]  Antonio Alfredo Ferreira Loureiro,et al.  Towards a Low-Cost Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Display with Real-Time Eye Center Location Capability , 2016, 2016 VI Brazilian Symposium on Computing Systems Engineering (SBESC).

[3]  Gudrun Klinker,et al.  Corneal-Imaging Calibration for Optical See-Through Head-Mounted Displays , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[4]  K. Sarayeddine,et al.  Key challenges to affordable see-through wearable displays: the missing link for mobile AR mass deployment , 2013, Defense, Security, and Sensing.

[5]  A. Takagi,et al.  Development of a stereo video see-through HMD for AR systems , 2000, Proceedings IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Augmented Reality (ISAR 2000).

[6]  Qiang Ji,et al.  In the Eye of the Beholder: A Survey of Models for Eyes and Gaze , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[7]  Henry Fuchs,et al.  Simulation-based design and rapid prototyping of a parallax-free, orthoscopic video see-through head-mounted display , 2005, Fourth IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR'05).

[8]  Antonio Alfredo Ferreira Loureiro,et al.  Building Wearables for Geology: An Operating System Approach , 2016, OPSR.

[9]  Woodrow Barfield Wearable Computing: Meeting the Challenge , 2015 .

[10]  Miad Faezipour,et al.  Enhanced frame rate for real-time eye tracking using circular hough transform , 2013, 2013 IEEE Long Island Systems, Applications and Technology Conference (LISAT).

[11]  Henry Fuchs,et al.  Optical Versus Video See-Through Head-Mounted Displays in Medical Visualization , 2000, Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments.

[12]  S. Mann Vision 2.0 , 2013, IEEE Spectrum.

[13]  Theo Gevers,et al.  Accurate Eye Center Location through Invariant Isocentric Patterns , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[14]  Mark Billinghurst,et al.  Do You See What I See? The Effect of Gaze Tracking on Task Space Remote Collaboration , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[15]  Gudrun Klinker,et al.  OST Rift: Temporally consistent augmented reality with a consumer optical see-through head-mounted display , 2016, 2016 IEEE Virtual Reality (VR).

[16]  Woodrow Barfield Intimacy and Extimacy: Ethics, Power, and Potential of Wearable Technologies , 2015 .

[17]  Gregory Kramida,et al.  Resolving the Vergence-Accommodation Conflict in Head-Mounted Displays , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics.

[18]  G LoweDavid,et al.  Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints , 2004 .

[19]  Gudrun Klinker,et al.  Interaction-free calibration for optical see-through head-mounted displays based on 3D Eye localization , 2014, 2014 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI).

[20]  Gary R. Bradski,et al.  Real time face and object tracking as a component of a perceptual user interface , 1998, Proceedings Fourth IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision. WACV'98 (Cat. No.98EX201).

[21]  Antonio Alfredo Ferreira Loureiro,et al.  Towards a Wearable Device for Monitoring Ecological Environments , 2015, 2015 Brazilian Symposium on Computing Systems Engineering (SBESC).

[22]  Theo Gevers,et al.  Accurate eye center location and tracking using isophote curvature , 2008, 2008 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.