Spatial patterning and information coding in the olfactory system.

The ability of mammals to discriminate thousands of structurally diverse odorants appears to derive from the existence of a multigene family that encodes approximately 1000 different odorant receptors. Recent studies have used this family to explore how the olfactory system organizes sensory information. These studies reveal striking patterns of organization suggesting that incoming sensory information is first broadly organized in the nose and is then transformed in the olfactory bulb into a stereotyped and highly organized spatial map.

[1]  J. Kauer,et al.  Responses of olfactory bulb neurones to odour stimulation of small nasal areas in the salamander , 1974, The Journal of physiology.

[2]  S. Schiffmann,et al.  Expression of members of the putative olfactory receptor gene family in mammalian germ cells , 1992, Nature.

[3]  R. Axel,et al.  A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: A molecular basis for odor recognition , 1991, Cell.

[4]  L. C. Skeen.  Odor-induced patterns of deoxyglucose consumption in the olfactory bulb of the tree shrew,Tupaia glis , 1977, Brain Research.

[5]  G M Shepherd,et al.  Emerging principles of molecular signal processing by mitral/tufted cells in the olfactory bulb. , 1994, Seminars in cell biology.

[6]  A. Menini,et al.  The relation between stimulus and response in olfactory receptor cells of the tiger salamander. , 1993, The Journal of physiology.

[7]  W. E. Clark,et al.  THE PROJECTION OF THE OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM ON THE OLFACTORY BULB IN THE RABBIT , 1951, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[8]  Gordon M. Shepherd,et al.  Discrimination of molecular signals by the olfactory receptor neuron , 1994, Neuron.

[9]  J Y Lettvin,et al.  Chemical transmission in the nose of the frog. , 1965, The Journal of physiology.

[10]  A. Townsend-Nicholson,et al.  Novel G protein-coupled receptors: a gene family of putative human olfactory receptor sequences. , 1992, Brain research. Molecular brain research.

[11]  Linda B. Buck,et al.  A molecular dissection of spatial patterning in the olfactory system , 1994, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[12]  J. Kauer,et al.  Are there structural and functional modules in the vertebrate olfactory bulb? , 1993, Microscopy research and technique.

[13]  L. Astic,et al.  Analysis of the topographical organization of olfactory epithelium projections in the rat , 1986, Brain Research Bulletin.

[14]  G. Wasserburg,et al.  Olfactory Discrimination in the Rabbit Olfactory Glomerulus , 1966, Science.

[15]  J. W. Scott,et al.  Functional organization of the main olfactory bulb , 1993, Microscopy research and technique.

[16]  E. Meisami,et al.  A proposed relationship between increases in the number of olfactory receptor neurons, convergence ratio and sensitivity in the developing rat. , 1989, Brain research. Developmental brain research.

[17]  J. D. Engel,et al.  Developmental regulation of β-globin gene switching , 1988, Cell.

[18]  John S. Kauer,et al.  Local sites of activity-related glucose metabolism in rat olfactory bulb during olfactory stimulation , 1975, Brain Research.

[19]  Richard Axel,et al.  Spatial segregation of odorant receptor expression in the mammalian olfactory epithelium , 1993, Cell.

[20]  K. Mori,et al.  Coding of odor molecules by mitral/tufted cells in rabbit olfactory bulb. II. Aromatic compounds. , 1992, Journal of neurophysiology.

[21]  Richard Axel,et al.  Topographic organization of sensory projections to the olfactory bulb , 1994, Cell.

[22]  F Jourdan,et al.  C-fos expression and 2-deoxyglucose uptake in the olfactory bulb of odour-stimulated awake rats. , 1993, Neuroreport.

[23]  S. Heinemann,et al.  Spatial pattern of receptor expression in the olfactory epithelium. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[24]  L. Astic,et al.  Spatial distribution of [14C]2-deoxyglucose uptake in the olfactory bulbs of rats stimulated with two different odours , 1980, Brain Research.

[25]  C. Gall,et al.  Odor-induced increases in c-fos mRNA expression reveal an anatomical "unit" for odor processing in olfactory bulb. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[26]  Olfactory discrimination of structurally related molecules: Receptor cell responses to camphoraceous odorants , 1985, Brain Research.

[27]  I. Simon,et al.  Allelic inactivation regulates olfactory receptor gene expression , 1994, Cell.

[28]  Richard Axel,et al.  Coding of olfactory information: Topography of odorant receptor expression in the catfish olfactory epithelium , 1993, Cell.

[29]  M. Leon,et al.  Odor specificity of the enhanced neural response following early odor experience in rats. , 1986, Brain research.

[30]  A. Chess,et al.  The family of genes encoding odorant receptors in the channel catfish , 1993, Cell.

[31]  S. Snyder,et al.  Molecular messengers of olfaction , 1992, Trends in Neurosciences.

[32]  L. Astic,et al.  Ontogenesis of the functional activity of guinea-pig olfactory bulb: autoradiographic study with the 2-deoxyglucose method. , 1981, Brain research.

[33]  S. Tonegawa.  Somatic generation of antibody diversity , 1983, Nature.

[34]  N. Onoda.  Odor-induced fos-like immunoreactivity in the rat olfactory bulb , 1992, Neuroscience Letters.

[35]  L. Adrian.  The Journal of Laryngology and Otology THE ACTION OF THE MAMMALIAN OLFACTORY ORGAN* , 2022 .

[36]  J. Royet,et al.  Morphometric study of the glomerular population in the mouse olfactory bulb: Numerical density and size distribution along the rostrocaudal axis , 1988, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[37]  Peter C. Brunjes,et al.  Unilateral naris closure and olfactory system development , 1994, Brain Research Reviews.

[38]  J. Crandall,et al.  Subsets of olfactory and vomeronasal sensory epithelial cells and axons revealed by monoclonal antibodies to carbohydrate antigens , 1991, Brain Research.

[39]  H. Breer,et al.  Expression of odorant receptors in spatially restricted subsets of chemosensory neurones. , 1992, Neuroreport.

[40]  D. Gottlieb,et al.  The primary olfactory projection has two chemically distinct zones , 1986, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[41]  F. Macrides,et al.  The spatial organization of the peripheral olfactory system of the hamster. part I: Receptor neuron projections to the main olfactory bulb , 1994, Brain Research Bulletin.

[42]  L. J. Land.  Localized projection of olfactory nerves to rabbit olfactory bulb. , 1973, Brain research.

[43]  R. Reed,et al.  Signaling pathways in odorant detection , 1992, Neuron.

[44]  D. Ledbetter,et al.  Olfactory receptor gene cluster on human chromosome 17: possible duplication of an ancestral receptor repertoire. , 1994, Human molecular genetics.

[45]  A. C. Allison,et al.  Quantitative observations on the olfactory system of the rabbit. , 1949, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[46]  R. M. Costanzo,et al.  Spatially organized projections of hamster olfactory nerves , 1978, Brain Research.

[47]  Linda B. Buck,et al.  A zonal organization of odorant receptor gene expression in the olfactory epithelium , 1993, Cell.

[48]  Linda B. Buck,et al.  Information coding in the olfactory system: Evidence for a stereotyped and highly organized epitope map in the olfactory bulb , 1994, Cell.

[49]  D. Purves,et al.  Postnatal construction of neural circuitry in the mouse olfactory bulb , 1990, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[50]  W. Stewart,et al.  The spatial organization of olfactory nerve projections , 1987, Brain Research.

[51]  T. Getchell.  Unitary Responses in Frog Olfactory Epithelium to Sterically Related Molecules at Low Concentrations , 1974, The Journal of general physiology.

[52]  F. Alt,et al.  Development of the primary antibody repertoire. , 1987, Science.

[53]  J. Royet,et al.  Specificity of spatial patterns of glomerular activation in the mouse olfactory bulb: computer-assisted image analysis of 2-deoxyglucose autoradiograms , 1987, Brain Research.

[54]  Adrian Ed,et al.  Sensory discrimination with some recent evidence from the olfactory organ. , 1950 .

[55]  H. Breer,et al.  Molecular mechanisms of olfactory signal transduction. , 1992, Society of General Physiologists series.

[56]  G. Shepherd,et al.  Topographical and laminar localization of 2-deoxyglucose uptake in rat olfactory bulb induced by electrical stimulation of olfactory nerves , 1981, Brain Research.

[57]  B. Hames,et al.  Antigenic variation in African trypanosomes: genetic recombination and transcriptional control of VSG genes. , 1990 .

[58]  L. Buck.  The olfactory multigene family. , 1992, Current opinion in genetics & development.

[59]  G. Shepherd,et al.  Functional organization of rat olfactory bulb analysed by the 2‐deoxyglucose method , 1979, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[60]  K. Imamura,et al.  Differential specificities of single mitral cells in rabbit olfactory bulb for a homologous series of fatty acid odor molecules. , 1992, Journal of neurophysiology.