3D Printed Fingernail Antennas for 5G Applications

3D printing of antennas on removable fingernail for on-body communications at microwave and millimetre waves is proposed. Aerosol Jet technology, a fine-feature material deposition solution, has been used to directly print microstrip patch antennas on an acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) removable finger nail substrate. Two antennas have been printed and assessed, one operating at 15 GHz and the other at 28 GHz. Nanoparticle conductive silver ink has been employed to create the microstrip patch antennas and corresponding transmission line using an Optomec machine. The inks are then cured using a PulseForge machine. A further copper layer is added to the millimeter wave antenna via an electroplating process. The antennas have been simulated and measured off-the-finger and on-the-finger. Simulated and measured reflection coefficients ( $S_{11}$ ) and radiation patterns are found to be in good agreement. The proposed on-body antennas can find application in the Internet of Things (IoT) where large amount of sensing data can be shared at the microwave and millimetre wave spectrum of future 5G communications. The removable finger nails could include other electronic devices such as on-body sensors, computational, storage and communication systems.