An inquiry into the return mobility of scientific researchers in Europe

The authors would like to thank the valuable feedback and suggestion of colleagues from the JRC s unit I1 Modelling, Indicators and Impact Evaluation, especially, to Sara Flisi, well as Richard Deiss and Diana Ognyanova (DG RTD). The preparation of the study benefitted from funding through the INNOVA_Measure 2 (H2020 690804) project.

[1]  Carolina Cañibano,et al.  Gender and patterns of temporary mobility among researchers , 2016 .

[2]  M. Callon Techno-economic Networks and Irreversibility , 1990 .

[3]  K. Jonkers,et al.  Research upon return: The effect of international mobility on scientific ties, production and impact , 2013 .

[4]  A. Saxenian The New Argonauts: Regional Advantage in a Global Economy , 1994 .

[5]  Peter Scott,et al.  Dynamics of Academic Mobility: Hegemonic Internationalisation or Fluid Globalisation , 2015, European Review.

[6]  Henk F. Moed,et al.  A bibliometric approach to tracking international scientific migration , 2014, Scientometrics.

[7]  Louise Ackers,et al.  Internationalisation and Equality. The Contribution of Short Stay Mobility to Progression in Science Careers , 2010 .

[8]  Margarida Fontes,et al.  Scientific mobility policies: How Portuguese scientists envisage the return home , 2007 .

[9]  Jakob Edler,et al.  International Scientist Mobility and the Locus of Knowledge and Technology Transfer , 2011 .

[10]  A. Prskawetz,et al.  Human Capital Depletion, Human Capital Formation, and Migration. A Blessing in a "Curse"? , 1998 .

[11]  G. Becker,et al.  Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis with Special Reference to Education, Third Edition , 1993 .

[12]  Carolina Cañibano,et al.  Towards a socio-economics of the brain drain and distributed human capital , 2015 .

[13]  A. F. Zubieta Recognition and Weak Ties: Is There a Positive Effect of Postdoctoral Position on Academic Performance and Career Development? , 2009 .

[14]  B. Zou,et al.  Brain drain and factor complementarity , 2009 .

[15]  Björn Asheim,et al.  Clusters and Regional Development: Critical Reflections and Explorations , 2006 .

[16]  Nicolás Robinson-García,et al.  Tracing scientific mobility of Early Career Researchers in Spain and The Netherlands through their publications , 2016, ArXiv.

[17]  Frédéric Docquier,et al.  Brain Drain and Human Capital Formation in Developing Countries: Winners and Losers , 2008 .

[18]  AnnaLee Saxenian,et al.  The Silicon Valley-Hsinchu Connection: Technical Communities and Industrial Upgrading , 2001 .

[19]  Jean M. Johnson,et al.  International Mobility of Scientists and Engineers to the United States--Brain Drain or Brain Circulation?. , 1998 .

[20]  J. Potts,et al.  Toward an evolutionary theory of human capital , 2016, Journal of Evolutionary Economics.

[21]  Fredrik Niclas Piro,et al.  Are mobile researchers more productive and cited than non-mobile researchers? A large-scale study of Norwegian scientists , 2013 .

[22]  Alice Lam Tacit knowledge, embedded agency and learning: local nodes and global networks , 2014 .

[23]  Hahzoong Song,et al.  From Brain Drain to Reverse Brain Drain: Three Decades of Korean Experience , 1997 .

[24]  Paula E. Stephan,et al.  The mover’s advantage: The superior performance of migrant scientists , 2014 .

[25]  Henk F. Moed,et al.  Studying scientific migration in Scopus , 2013, Scientometrics.

[26]  Dimitri Gagliardi,et al.  International mobility: Findings from a survey of researchers in the EU , 2015 .

[27]  R. Nelson,et al.  Investment in humans, technological diffusion and economic growth , 1965 .

[28]  Aldo Geuna,et al.  What Do We Know of the Mobility of Research Scientists and of its Impact on Scientific Production , 2015 .

[29]  Robert J. W. Tijssen,et al.  Chinese researchers returning home: Impacts of international mobility on research collaboration and scientific productivity , 2008, Scientometrics.

[30]  P. Romer Endogenous Technological Change , 1989, Journal of Political Economy.

[31]  Heike Jons,et al.  Transnational academic mobility and gender , 2011 .

[32]  Paula E. Stephan How Economics Shapes Science , 2012 .

[33]  Javier Otamendi,et al.  Measuring and assessing researcher mobility from CV analysis: the case of the Ramón y Cajal programme in Spain , 2008 .

[34]  Jean-Baptiste Meyer,et al.  Network Approach versus Brain Drain: Lessons from the Diaspora , 2001 .

[35]  Heike Jons,et al.  ‘Brain circulation’ and transnational knowledge networks: studying long‐term effects of academic mobility to Germany, 1954–2000 , 2009 .

[36]  J. Gaillard,et al.  Return Migration of Highly Skilled Scientists and Engineers to Morocco: Return or Circulation? , 2015 .

[37]  H. Jons Talent Mobility and the Shifting Geographies of Latourian Knowledge Hubs , 2015 .

[38]  L. Holm-Nielsen,et al.  International Mobility of Researchers and Scientists: Policy Options for Turning a Drain into a Gain , 2006 .

[39]  Paula E. Stephan,et al.  Global competition for scientific talent: evidence from location decisions of PhDs and postdocs in 16 countries , 2016 .

[40]  Carolina Cañibano,et al.  International Stays Abroad, Collaborations and the Return of Spanish Researchers , 2015 .

[41]  J. Bhagwati,et al.  The brain drain and income taxation , 1973 .

[42]  Grit Laudel,et al.  Migration Currents Among the Scientific Elite , 2005 .

[43]  Paula Stephan International Mobility of Research Scientists , 2013 .

[44]  Heike Jons,et al.  Transnational mobility and the spaces of knowledge production: a comparison of global patterns, motivations and collaborations in different academic fields , 2007 .

[45]  Van Roy Vincent,et al.  An analysis of national research systems (I): A Composite Indicator for Scientific and Technological Research Excellence , 2013 .

[46]  Frances Cairncross The death of distance : how the communications revolution will change our lives , 1997 .

[47]  O. Stark RETHINKING THE BRAIN DRAIN , 2004 .

[48]  Fernando Galindo-Rueda,et al.  Which factors influence the international mobility of research scientists , 2015 .

[49]  T. Turpin,et al.  Mobility Matters: Research Training and Network Building in Science , 2009 .

[50]  Javier Otamendi,et al.  International temporary mobility of researchers: a cross-discipline study , 2011, Scientometrics.

[51]  Wenxia Zhang,et al.  The Reversed Brain Drain: A Mixed-method Study of the Reversed Migration of Chinese Overseas Scientists , 2015 .

[52]  G. Dosi,et al.  The relationships between science, technologies and their industrial exploitation: An illustration through the myths and realities of the so-called ‘European Paradox’ , 2006 .

[53]  Carolina Cañibano,et al.  Scientific mobility and development: toward a socioeconomic conceptual framework , 2010 .

[54]  M. Wende International academic mobility: towards a concentration of the minds in Europe , 2015 .

[55]  J. Bhagwati International migration of the highly skilled: economics, ethics and taxes. , 1979, Third world quarterly.

[56]  AnnaLee Saxenian,et al.  Silicon Valley's New Immigrant Entrepreneurs , 1999 .

[57]  Louise Ackers,et al.  Moving People and Knowledge: Scientific Mobility in an Enlarging European Union , 2009 .

[58]  Koen Frenken,et al.  Geography of scientific knowledge: A proximity approach , 2020, Quantitative Science Studies.

[59]  F. Knight The economic nature of the firm: From Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit , 2009 .

[60]  M. Teitelbaum Falling Behind?: Boom, Bust, and the Global Race for Scientific Talent , 2014 .

[61]  Henk F. Moed,et al.  Researchers’ Mobility, Productivity and Impact: Case of Top Producing Authors in Seven Disciplines , 2016 .

[62]  F. Docquier,et al.  Brain drain and economic growth: theory and evidence , 2001 .

[63]  Brian J. Loasby Building systems , 2012 .

[64]  H. M. Collins,et al.  The TEA Set: Tacit Knowledge and Scientific Networks , 1974 .

[65]  Kar-yiu Wong,et al.  Education, Economic Growth, and Brain Drain , 1999 .

[66]  Brian J. Loasby,et al.  Time, knowledge and evolutionary dynamics: why connections matter , 2001 .

[67]  Devesh Kapur,et al.  Give Us Your Best and Brightest: The Global Hunt for Talent and Its Impact on the Developing World , 2005 .

[68]  A. Bonaccorsi,et al.  Competition for talent. Country and organizational-level effects in the internationalization of European higher education institutions , 2015 .

[69]  Stefano Horst Baruffaldi,et al.  Return mobility and scientific productivity of researchers working abroad: The role of home country linkages , 2012 .