Usefulness of Aspergillus Galactomannan Antigen Testing and the Prediction of an Outbreak during Hospital Reconstruction

Objective This study retrospectively evaluated fungal dissemination due to hospital reconstruction and explored effective methods of predicting an outbreak. Methods Patients suspected of having invasive aspergillosis were tested for Aspergillus galactomannan antigen before and after reconstruction, and the mean values of three months of testing for positive patients were determined. The characteristics of patients with aspergillosis during this period were also assessed. Results Forty-five patients were positive for Aspergillus antigen (>0.5 cut-off index) from January 2013 to December 2014. Mean Aspergillus antigen values significantly increased following reconstruction (p<0.05). Three patients developed pneumonia due to Aspergillus and were diagnosed with “probable” invasive aspergillosis according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) criteria. We also discovered that the anteroom to contain dust was not prefabricated and a negative pressure system to remove dust was not used. After construction of the unit, no new cases of aspergillosis were diagnosed. Conclusion Many Aspergillus spores may be transiently floating during hospital reconstruction. Therefore, monthly surveillance with frequent serum galactomannan antigen testing to predict outbreaks is necessary. Surveillance of all patients in the hematology ward is especially important. Reconsideration of prophylactic antifungals may also be necessary during hospital reconstruction.