Electronic aptamer-based sensors.

The selection of aptamers-nucleic acids that specifically bind low-molecular-weight substrates or proteins-by the SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) procedure has attracted recent efforts directed to the development of new specific recognition units. In particular, extensive activities have been directed to the application of aptamers as versatile materials for the design of biosensors. The Minireview summarizes the recent accomplishments in developing electronic aptamer-based sensors (aptasensors), which include electrochemical, field-effect transistor, and microgravimetric quartz crystal microbalance sensors, and describes methods to develop amplified aptasensor devices and label-free aptasensors.

[1]  O. Heidenreich,et al.  Hammerhead ribozyme-mediated cleavage of the long terminal repeat RNA of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. , 1992, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[2]  M. Famulok,et al.  Nucleic acid aptamers-from selection in vitro to applications in vivo. , 2000, Accounts of chemical research.

[3]  Denis Boudreau,et al.  Direct molecular detection of nucleic acids by fluorescence signal amplification. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[4]  Tibor Hianik,et al.  Detection of aptamer-protein interactions using QCM and electrochemical indicator methods. , 2005, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.

[5]  Chunhai Fan,et al.  Electrochemical interrogation of conformational changes as a reagentless method for the sequence-specific detection of DNA , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[6]  A. Pardi,et al.  High-resolution molecular discrimination by RNA. , 1994, Science.

[7]  J. Szostak,et al.  In vitro selection of functional nucleic acids. , 1999, Annual review of biochemistry.

[8]  John T McDevitt,et al.  Aptamer-based sensor arrays for the detection and quantitation of proteins. , 2004, Analytical chemistry.

[9]  Weihong Tan,et al.  Molecular aptamer beacons for real-time protein recognition. , 2002, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[10]  L. Gold,et al.  Aptamers as therapeutic and diagnostic agents. , 2000, Journal of biotechnology.

[11]  J. Szostak,et al.  In vitro selection of RNA molecules that bind specific ligands , 1990, Nature.

[12]  Ciara K O'Sullivan,et al.  Reusable impedimetric aptasensor. , 2005, Analytical chemistry.

[13]  S. Silverman,et al.  Deoxyribozymes: DNA catalysts for bioorganic chemistry. , 2004, Organic & biomolecular chemistry.

[14]  Yingfu Li,et al.  Nucleic acid aptamers and enzymes as sensors. , 2006, Current opinion in chemical biology.

[15]  D. Lilley,et al.  Structure, folding and mechanisms of ribozymes. , 2005, Current opinion in structural biology.

[16]  Mario Leclerc,et al.  Label-free electrochemical detection of protein based on a ferrocene-bearing cationic polythiophene and aptamer. , 2006, Analytical chemistry.

[17]  A. Heeger,et al.  An electronic, aptamer-based small-molecule sensor for the rapid, label-free detection of cocaine in adulterated samples and biological fluids. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[18]  R. Pei,et al.  Amplification of antigen-antibody interactions based on biotin labeled protein-streptavidin network complex using impedance spectroscopy. , 2001, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[19]  M F Kubik,et al.  Oligonucleotide inhibitors of human thrombin that bind distinct epitopes. , 1997, Journal of molecular biology.

[20]  V. Remcho,et al.  Electrochromatographic retention studies on a flavin-binding RNA aptamer sorbent. , 2003, Analytical chemistry.

[21]  M. Mascini,et al.  Analytical applications of aptamers. , 2005, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[22]  F. Uslu,et al.  Labelfree fully electronic nucleic acid detection system based on a field-effect transistor device. , 2004, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[23]  Yi Lu.  New transition-metal-dependent DNAzymes as efficient endonucleases and as selective metal biosensors. , 2002, Chemistry.

[24]  Sara Tombelli,et al.  New trends in affinity sensing: aptamers for ligand binding , 2003 .

[25]  F. Eckstein,et al.  Kinetic characterization of ribonuclease-resistant 2'-modified hammerhead ribozymes. , 1991, Science.

[26]  S. Jayasena.  Aptamers: an emerging class of molecules that rival antibodies in diagnostics. , 1999, Clinical chemistry.

[27]  Itamar Willner,et al.  Detection of single-base DNA mutations by enzyme-amplified electronic transduction , 2001, Nature Biotechnology.

[28]  Michael J. Schöning,et al.  Bio FEDs (Field‐Effect Devices): State‐of‐the‐Art and New Directions , 2006 .

[29]  Youdong Mao,et al.  Studies of temperature-dependent electronic transduction on DNA hairpin loop sensor. , 2003, Nucleic acids research.

[30]  Jang-Kyoo Shin,et al.  An FET-type charge sensor for highly sensitive detection of DNA sequence. , 2004, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[31]  M. Mascini,et al.  Aptamer-based biosensors for the detection of HIV-1 Tat protein. , 2005, Bioelectrochemistry.

[32]  Yi Xiao,et al.  Aptamer-functionalized Au nanoparticles for the amplified optical detection of thrombin. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[33]  I. Willner,et al.  Highly sensitive amplified electronic detection of DNA by biocatalyzed precipitation of an insoluble product onto electrodes. , 2003, Chemistry.

[34]  I-Ming Hsing,et al.  Label-free protein recognition using an aptamer-based impedance measurement assay , 2006 .

[35]  Itamar Willner,et al.  Fluorescence detection of DNA by the catalytic activation of an aptamer/thrombin complex. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[36]  B. Sullenger,et al.  Developing aptamers into therapeutics. , 2000, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[37]  M. Levy,et al.  Quantum‐Dot Aptamer Beacons for the Detection of Proteins , 2005, Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology.

[38]  Michael D. Ward,et al.  Measurement of interfacial processes at electrode surfaces with the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance , 1992 .

[39]  Joseph Wang,et al.  Aptamer biosensor for label-free impedance spectroscopy detection of proteins based on recognition-induced switching of the surface charge. , 2005, Chemical communications.

[40]  A. Jäschke,et al.  Nucleic acid enzymes. , 2005, Current opinion in biotechnology.

[41]  I. Willner,et al.  Probing Biomolecular Interactions at Conductive and Semiconductive Surfaces by Impedance Spectroscopy: Routes to Impedimetric Immunosensors, DNA‐Sensors, and Enzyme Biosensors , 2003 .

[42]  C. O’Sullivan.  Aptasensors – the future of biosensing? , 2002, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[43]  Xiaobo Yu,et al.  Label-free electrochemical detection for aptamer-based array electrodes. , 2005, Analytical chemistry.

[44]  Stephen J. Lee,et al.  Conformationally Gated Electrochemical Gene Detection , 2004, Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology.

[45]  Guodong Liu,et al.  Electrochemical coding technology for simultaneous detection of multiple DNA targets. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[46]  Koji Sode,et al.  Novel electrochemical sensor system for protein using the aptamers in sandwich manner. , 2005, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[47]  Itamar Willner,et al.  Label-free and reagentless aptamer-based sensors for small molecules. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[48]  V. Remcho,et al.  Aptamers as analytical reagents , 2002, Electrophoresis.

[49]  D. Patel,et al.  Structure, recognition and discrimination in RNA aptamer complexes with cofactors, amino acids, drugs and aminoglycoside antibiotics. , 2000, Journal of biotechnology.

[50]  Jeong-O Lee,et al.  Single-walled carbon nanotube biosensors using aptamers as molecular recognition elements. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[51]  Aptamer affinity chromatography for rapid assay of adenosine in microdialysis samples collected in vivo. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. A.

[52]  Itamar Willner,et al.  Amplified DNA detection by electrogenerated biochemiluminescence and by the catalyzed precipitation of an insoluble product on electrodes in the presence of the doxorubicin intercalator. , 2002, Angewandte Chemie.

[53]  Itamar Willner,et al.  Nucleic acid-functionalized Pt nanoparticles: Catalytic labels for the amplified electrochemical detection of biomolecules. , 2006, Analytical chemistry.

[54]  Yi Lu,et al.  Stimuli-responsive disassembly of nanoparticle aggregates for light-up colorimetric sensing. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[55]  Kevin W Plaxco,et al.  A reagentless signal-on architecture for electronic, aptamer-based sensors via target-induced strand displacement. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[56]  M. Schöning,et al.  Recent advances in biologically sensitive field-effect transistors (BioFETs). , 2002, The Analyst.

[57]  I. Willner,et al.  Chronopotentiometry and Faradaic impedance spectroscopy as signal transduction methods for the biocatalytic precipitation of an insoluble product on electrode supports: routes for enzyme sensors, immunosensors and DNA sensors. , 2001, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[58]  E. Vermaas,et al.  Selection of single-stranded DNA molecules that bind and inhibit human thrombin , 1992, Nature.

[59]  J. Feigon,et al.  Aptamer structures from A to ζ , 1996 .

[60]  Joseph Wang,et al.  Metal nanoparticle-based electrochemical stripping potentiometric detection of DNA hybridization. , 2001, Analytical chemistry.

[61]  D. Walt,et al.  A fiber-optic microarray biosensor using aptamers as receptors. , 2000, Analytical biochemistry.

[62]  Jang-Kyoo Shin,et al.  Detection of DNA and Protein Molecules Using an FET‐Type Biosensor with Gold as a Gate Metal , 2004 .

[63]  William R. Heineman,et al.  p-aminophenyl phosphate: an improved substrate for electrochemical enzyme immnoassay , 1988 .

[64]  E. Peyrin,et al.  A DNA aptamer as a new target-specific chiral selector for HPLC. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[65]  Sang Hyun Lee,et al.  Aptamers as functional nucleic acids:In vitro selection and biotechnological applications , 2003 .

[66]  Yuji Miyahara,et al.  Detection of DNA recognition events using multi-well field effect devices. , 2005, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[67]  Ciara K O'Sullivan,et al.  Reagentless, reusable, ultrasensitive electrochemical molecular beacon aptasensor. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[68]  A. Tulinsky,et al.  The structure of alpha-thrombin inhibited by a 15-mer single-stranded DNA aptamer. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[69]  M. Famulok,et al.  Oligonucleotide aptamers that recognize small molecules. , 1999, Current opinion in structural biology.

[70]  G. Bang,et al.  A novel electrochemical detection method for aptamer biosensors. , 2005, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[71]  A. Karyakin,et al.  Surfactant bilayers for the direct electrochemical detection of affinity interactions. , 2002, Bioelectrochemistry.

[72]  I. Willner,et al.  Probing Antigen–Antibody Interactions on Electrode Supports by the Biocatalyzed Precipitation of an Insoluble Product , 2000 .

[73]  P. Sorger,et al.  Electronic detection of DNA by its intrinsic molecular charge , 2002, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[74]  Ioanis Katakis,et al.  Different strategies to develop an electrochemical thrombin aptasensor , 2006 .

[75]  Yun Xiang,et al.  Quantum-dot/aptamer-based ultrasensitive multi-analyte electrochemical biosensor. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[76]  L. Gold,et al.  Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment: RNA ligands to bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase. , 1990, Science.

[77]  J. Szostak,et al.  Selection in vitro of single-stranded DNA molecules that fold into specific ligand-binding structures , 1992, Nature.

[78]  M Yarus,et al.  Diversity of oligonucleotide functions. , 1995, Annual review of biochemistry.

[79]  S Tombelli,et al.  Development of biosensors with aptamers as bio-recognition element: the case of HIV-1 Tat protein. , 2004, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[80]  Piet Bergveld,et al.  Thirty years of ISFETOLOGY ☆: What happened in the past 30 years and what may happen in the next 30 years , 2003 .

[81]  I. Willner,et al.  Catalytic growth of Au nanoparticles by NAD(P)H cofactors: optical sensors for NAD(P)+-dependent biocatalyzed transformations. , 2004, Angewandte Chemie.

[82]  Hans Wolf,et al.  An aptamer-based quartz crystal protein biosensor. , 2002, Analytical chemistry.

[83]  D. Patel,et al.  Structural analysis of nucleic acid aptamers. , 1997, Current opinion in chemical biology.

[84]  N. Jaffrezic‐Renault,et al.  Enzyme biosensors based on ion-selective field-effect transistors. , 2006, Analytica chimica acta.

[85]  F Bender,et al.  Guided shear horizontal surface acoustic wave sensors for chemical and biochemical detection in liquids. , 2001, Analytical chemistry.

[86]  A. Heeger,et al.  Label-free electronic detection of thrombin in blood serum by using an aptamer-based sensor. , 2005, Angewandte Chemie.

[87]  M. Famulok,et al.  A Love-wave biosensor using nucleic acids as ligands , 2004 .

[88]  M. Bowser,et al.  In vitro evolution of functional DNA using capillary electrophoresis. , 2004, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[89]  M. Famulok,et al.  Monitoring complex formation in the blood-coagulation cascade using aptamer-coated SAW sensors. , 2005, Biosensors & bioelectronics.