Communication functions and the adaptation of design representations in interdisciplinary teams

Design representations in user-centered design serve intentions for directing design process and communication functions for enlisting interdisciplinary participation. To disentangle these two factors, a vocabulary for identifying communication functions in design is proposed. This vocabulary, drawn from a selective review of empirical studies of design activity in architecture and engineering, is then applied to three design cases from user-centered design. This analysis shows how representational use is subject to adaptive pressure from the communication demands in interdisciplinary teams. The consequences of this pressure for understanding the nature of design are discussed.

[1]  Bill Curtis,et al.  A field study of the software design process for large systems , 1988, CACM.

[2]  Agatha Christie,et al.  The Man in the Brown Suit , 1924 .

[3]  Rick Spencer,et al.  The streamlined cognitive walkthrough method, working around social constraints encountered in a software development company , 2000, CHI.

[4]  Harold G. Nelson,et al.  Design Way: Intentional Change in an Unpredictable World - Foundations and Fundamentals of Design Competence , 2003 .

[5]  Donald A. Schön,et al.  Frame Reflection: Toward The Resolution Of Intractable Policy Controversies , 1994 .

[6]  Paul R. Carlile,et al.  A Pragmatic View of Knowledge and Boundaries: Boundary Objects in New Product Development , 2002, Organ. Sci..

[7]  Kathryn Henderson,et al.  Flexible Sketches and Inflexible Data Bases: Visual Communication, Conscription Devices, and Boundary Objects in Design Engineering , 1991 .

[8]  Henry Dreyfuss,et al.  Designing for people , 1955 .

[9]  Kathryn Henderson,et al.  On Line and On Paper: Visual Representations, Visual Culture, and Computer Graphics in Design Engineering , 1998 .

[10]  I. Wagner,et al.  Persuasive Artefacts in Architectural Design and Planning , 2000 .

[11]  D. Schoen,et al.  The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action , 1985 .

[12]  Alan Cooper,et al.  The Inmates are Running the Asylum , 1999, Software-Ergonomie.

[13]  Clayton Lewis,et al.  Task-centered user interface design , 1993 .

[14]  Terence Love BOOK REVIEWS: The Design Way. Intentional Change in an Unpredictable World : Foundations and Fundamentals of Design Competence , 2003 .

[15]  H. W. Rittel,et al.  Second-generation design methods , 1984 .

[16]  Jakob Nielsen,et al.  Usability inspection methods , 1994, CHI 95 Conference Companion.

[17]  John M. Carroll,et al.  Making Use: Scenario-Based Design of Human-Computer Interactions , 2000 .

[18]  Gerhard Fischer,et al.  Transcending the individual human mind—creating shared understanding through collaborative design , 2000, TCHI.

[19]  Douglas C. Engelbart,et al.  Augmenting human intellect: a conceptual framework , 1962 .

[20]  Diane H. Sonnenwald,et al.  Communication roles that support collaboration during the design process , 1996 .

[21]  Donald A. Schön Problems, frames and perspectives on designing , 1984 .

[22]  M. Csíkszentmihályi Flow. The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York (HarperPerennial) 1990. , 1990 .

[23]  Duncan Sanderson,et al.  Coordinating joint design work: the role of communication and artefacts , 1998 .

[24]  Donald A. Sch The reflective practitioner: how professionals think in action , 1983 .

[25]  Mary Beth Rosson,et al.  Usability Engineering: Scenario-based Development of Human-Computer Interaction , 2001 .

[26]  Russell Flinchum Henry Dreyfuss, Industrial Designer: The Man in the Brown Suit , 1997 .

[27]  Mark S. Ackerman,et al.  Achieving safety: a field study of boundary objects in aircraft technical support , 2002, CSCW '02.

[28]  Frank M. Shipman,et al.  Formality Considered Harmful: Experiences, Emerging Themes, and Directions on the Use of Formal Representations in Interactive Systems , 1999, Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW).

[29]  A. M. Pejtersen,et al.  Information seeking and sharing in design teams , 2003, GROUP.

[30]  Susan Leigh Star,et al.  Institutional Ecology, `Translations' and Boundary Objects: Amateurs and Professionals in Berkeley's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907-39 , 1989 .

[31]  Louis L. Bucciarelli,et al.  Reflective practice in engineering design , 1984 .

[32]  Susan Leigh Star,et al.  The Structure of Ill-Structured Solutions: Boundary Objects and Heterogeneous Distributed Problem Solving , 1989, Distributed Artificial Intelligence.

[33]  Jacob Buur,et al.  The design collaboratorium: a place for usability design , 2002, TCHI.

[34]  Diane H. Sonnenwald,et al.  Contested Collaboration: A Descriptive Model of Intergroup Communication in Information System Design , 1995, Inf. Process. Manag..

[35]  Kalle Lyytinen,et al.  Crossing boundaries and conscripting participation: representing and integrating knowledge in a paper machinery project , 2001, Eur. J. Inf. Syst..

[36]  Scott P. Robertson,et al.  Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , 1991 .

[37]  David Kirsh,et al.  The Context of Work , 2001, Hum. Comput. Interact..

[38]  Nigel Cross,et al.  Developments in design methodology , 1984 .

[39]  Batya Friedman,et al.  Informed consent in the Mozilla browser: implementing value-sensitive design , 2002, Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[40]  Erik Stolterman,et al.  The Design Way: Intentional Change in an Unpredictable World , 2002 .

[41]  V. Rich Personal communication , 1989, Nature.

[42]  M. Rosson,et al.  Scenario-Based Development of Human-Computer Interaction , 2002 .

[43]  A. Young Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences. , 2001 .

[44]  James A. Landay,et al.  The Design of Sites: Patterns, Principles, and Processes for Crafting a Customer-Centered Web Experience , 2002 .

[45]  Murray Silverstein,et al.  A Pattern Language , 1977 .

[46]  Kjeld Schmidt,et al.  Coordinative Artifacts in Architectural Practise , 2002, COOP.

[47]  Louis L. Bucciarelli,et al.  Designing Engineers , 1994 .

[48]  Mark W. Newman,et al.  Sitemaps, storyboards, and specifications: a sketch of Web site design practice , 2000, DIS '00.