A service-enabling framework for the session initiation protocol (SIP)

Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto www.aalto.fi Author Gonzalo Camarillo Name of the doctoral dissertation A Service-enabling Framework for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Publisher Aalto School of Electrical Engineering Unit Communications and Networking Series Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 129/2011 Field of research Networking Technology Manuscript submitted 9 November 2011 Manuscript revised 9 November 2011 Date of the defence 13 December 2011 Language English Monograph Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Abstract In this dissertation, we propose a framework to provide multimedia communication services. Our proposed framework is based on SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) and has four fundamental properties: it is available, secure, high performing, and oriented to innovations. The framework is not an architecture with a rigid structure. Instead, the framework is a toolkit made up of a set of tools that can be combined in different ways. The combination of these tools provides applications and services with functionality needed to implement a wide variety of multimedia communication services. Applications and services built on top of the framework use different tools within the toolkit in order to provide their desired overall functionality.In this dissertation, we propose a framework to provide multimedia communication services. Our proposed framework is based on SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) and has four fundamental properties: it is available, secure, high performing, and oriented to innovations. The framework is not an architecture with a rigid structure. Instead, the framework is a toolkit made up of a set of tools that can be combined in different ways. The combination of these tools provides applications and services with functionality needed to implement a wide variety of multimedia communication services. Applications and services built on top of the framework use different tools within the toolkit in order to provide their desired overall functionality. The functionality provided by the framework includes a number of primitives to be used by applications and services. These primitives mostly relate to multiparty communications and include floor control. The framework also offers support functions that relate to PSTN (Public Switched Telephony Network) interworking, policy control, and consent-based communications. Additionally, the framework contains functions that relate to signalling transport, multihoming, mobility, security, and NAT (Network Address Translation) traversal. The framework also allows building overlay networks when a SIP network infrastructure is not available. In order to test and refine the ideas presented in this dissertation, we have implemented most of them in proof-of-concept prototypes. We have used experiments and simulations to validate our assumptions and obtain new insights.

[1]  Gonzalo Camarillo,et al.  Evaluation of DHTs from the viewpoint of interpersonal communications , 2007, MUM.

[2]  Sébastien Pierrel,et al.  A Policy System for Simultaneous Multiaccess with Host Identity Protocol , 2007 .

[3]  Jörg Ott,et al.  The Binary Floor Control Protocol (BFCP) , 2021, RFC.

[4]  Henning Schulzrinne,et al.  Network Working Group a Session Initiation Protocol (sip) Event Package for Conference State , 2006 .

[5]  Gonzalo Camarillo,et al.  A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Event Package for Session-Specific Policies , 2012, RFC.

[6]  Nathaniel S. Borenstein,et al.  Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies , 1996, RFC.

[7]  Carsten Bormann,et al.  Signaling Compression (SigComp) , 2003, RFC.

[8]  Jon Peterson,et al.  Session Initiation Protocol for Telephones (SIP-T): Context and Architectures , 2002, RFC.

[9]  Henning Schulzrinne,et al.  The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) as a Transport for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) , 2005, RFC.

[10]  Internet Architecture Board,et al.  The Rise of the Middle and the Future of End-to-End: Reflections on the Evolution of the Internet Architecture , 2004, RFC.

[11]  Mark Handley,et al.  Internet Denial-of-Service Considerations , 2006, RFC.

[12]  Gonzalo Camarillo,et al.  A User Agent Profile Data Set for Media Policy , 2012, RFC.

[13]  Henning Schulzrinne,et al.  Signaling for Internet telephony , 1998, Proceedings Sixth International Conference on Network Protocols (Cat. No.98TB100256).

[14]  Gonzalo Camarillo,et al.  Security Attacks Found Against the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) and Current Countermeasures , 2007, RFC.

[15]  Gonzalo Camarillo,et al.  A Framework for Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Session Policies , 2012, RFC.

[16]  Pekka Nikander,et al.  HIP BONE: Host Identity Protocol (HIP) Based Overlay Networking Environment (BONE) , 2011, RFC.

[17]  Ari Keränen,et al.  Host Identity Protocol (HIP) Multi-Hop Routing Extension , 2010, RFC.

[18]  Christian Huitema,et al.  Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Extension for Instant Messaging , 2002, RFC.

[19]  David Clark,et al.  Tussle in cyberspace: defining tomorrow's internet , 2002, SIGCOMM 2002.

[20]  Jonathan D. Rosenberg,et al.  The Extensible Markup Language (XML) Configuration Access Protocol (XCAP) , 2007, RFC.

[21]  Gonzalo Camarillo Connection Establishment in the Binary Floor Control Protocol (BFCP) , 2007, RFC.

[22]  Torbjorn Andersson,et al.  Performance Benefits of Avoiding Head-of-Line Blocking in SCTP , 2005, Joint International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems and International Conference on Networking and Services - (icas-isns'05).

[23]  Clayton M. Christensen The Innovator's Dilemma , 1997 .

[24]  Eric Rescorla,et al.  The Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2 , 2008, RFC.

[25]  David Green,et al.  IPv6 Enterprise Network Analysis - IP Layer 3 Focus , 2007, RFC.

[26]  Antony I. T. Rowstron,et al.  Pastry: Scalable, Decentralized Object Location, and Routing for Large-Scale Peer-to-Peer Systems , 2001, Middleware.

[27]  Volker Hilt,et al.  A framework for SIP session policies , 2004, Bell Labs Technical Journal.

[28]  Stefan Lindskog,et al.  An End-to-End Security Solution for SCTP , 2008, 2008 Third International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security.

[29]  Gonzalo Camarillo,et al.  Internet Engineering Task Force (ietf) Requirements from Session Initiation Protocol (sip) Session Border Control (sbc) Deployments Requirements from Sip Sbc Deployments , 2022 .

[30]  Dave Burke Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) , 2007 .

[31]  Jörg Ott,et al.  A Multipont Data Communication Infrastructure for Standards-based Teleconferencing Systems , 1997 .

[32]  Michael Nordhoff Security Evaluation of SCTP , 2006 .

[33]  C. M. Sperberg-McQueen,et al.  Extensible markup language , 1997 .

[34]  Pekka Nikander,et al.  Mobile IP Version 6 Route Optimization Security Design Background , 2005, RFC.

[35]  David D. Clark,et al.  The design philosophy of the DARPA internet protocols , 1988, SIGCOMM '88.

[36]  Ari Keränen,et al.  Internet Engineering Task Force (ietf) Basic Host Identity Protocol (hip) Extensions for Traversal of Network Address Translators , 2010 .

[37]  Dan Wing,et al.  Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) , 2020, RFC.

[38]  L. Miles,et al.  2000 , 2000, RDH.

[39]  Miguel A. Garcia-Martin,et al.  Multiple-Recipient MESSAGE Requests in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) , 2008, RFC.

[40]  Jörg Ott,et al.  Requirements for Floor Control Protocols , 2006, RFC.

[41]  Jon Peterson,et al.  Mapping of Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) User Part (ISUP) Overlap Signalling to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) , 2003, RFC.

[42]  Henning Schulzrinne,et al.  Common Gateway Interface for SIP , 2001, RFC.

[43]  Eric Rescorla,et al.  Transport Layer Security over Stream Control Transmission Protocol , 2002, RFC.

[44]  Masahiro Kozuka,et al.  Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Dynamic Address Reconfiguration , 2007, RFC.

[45]  Pekka Nikander,et al.  Mobile IP version 6 (MIPv6) route optimization security design , 2003, 2003 IEEE 58th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC 2003-Fall (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37484).

[46]  Jonathan D. Rosenberg,et al.  Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN): Relay Extensions to Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) , 2020, RFC.

[47]  Jon Peterson,et al.  Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) User Part (ISUP) to Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Mapping , 2002, RFC.

[48]  Yang Gao,et al.  Re-INVITE and Target-Refresh Request Handling in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) , 2011, RFC.

[49]  Lixia Zhang,et al.  Stream Control Transmission Protocol , 2000, RFC.

[50]  Rohan Mahy,et al.  A Message Summary and Message Waiting Indication Event Package for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) , 2004, RFC.

[51]  K. Srinivas,et al.  Preventing Internet Denial-Of-Service with Capabilities , 2013 .

[52]  Erwin P. Rathgeb,et al.  Secure SCTP – A Versatile Secure Transport Protocol , 2004, Telecommun. Syst..

[53]  Miguel A. Garcia-Martin,et al.  Extensible Markup Language (XML) Format Extension for Representing Copy Control Attributes in Resource Lists , 2008, RFC.

[54]  Scott Shenker,et al.  Internet indirection infrastructure , 2002, SIGCOMM 2002.

[55]  Pekka Nikander,et al.  Integrating Security, Mobility and Multi-Homing in a HIP Way , 2003, NDSS.

[56]  Ari Keranen Encrypted Signaling Transport Modes for the Host Identity Protocol , 2011 .

[57]  Aki Niemi,et al.  Network Working Group Session Initiation Protocol (sip) Extension for Event State Publication , 2004 .

[58]  Pekka Nikander,et al.  Hi3: An efficient and secure networking architecture for mobile hosts , 2008, Comput. Commun..

[59]  Gonzalo Camarillo,et al.  Subscriptions to Request-Contained Resource Lists in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) , 2008, RFC.

[60]  Ben Y. Zhao,et al.  An Infrastructure for Fault-tolerant Wide-area Location and Routing , 2001 .

[61]  Gonzalo Camarillo A Document Format for Requesting Consent , 2008, RFC.

[62]  Jonathan D. Rosenberg,et al.  Extensible Markup Language (XML) Formats for Representing Resource Lists , 2007, RFC.

[63]  Vern Paxson,et al.  An analysis of using reflectors for distributed denial-of-service attacks , 2001, CCRV.

[64]  Jari Arkko,et al.  Enhanced Route Optimization for Mobile IPv6 , 2007, RFC.

[65]  Anna Sfairopoulou A cross-layer mechanism for QoS improvements in VoIP over multi-rate WLAN networks , 2008 .

[66]  Jonathan D. Rosenberg,et al.  Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE): A Protocol for Network Address Translator (NAT) Traversal for Offer/Answer Protocols , 2010, RFC.

[67]  Internet Architecture Board,et al.  Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Architecture: Definition, Taxonomies, Examples, and Applicability , 2009, RFC.

[68]  J. J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves,et al.  Floor Control for Activity Coordination in Networked Multimedia Applications , 1995 .

[69]  Henning Schulzrinne,et al.  An Offer/Answer Model with Session Description Protocol (SDP) , 2002, RFC.

[70]  Gonzalo Camarillo,et al.  Requirements for Consent-Based Communications in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) , 2006, RFC.

[71]  Steve Donovan,et al.  The SIP INFO Method , 2000, RFC.

[72]  Gonzalo Camarillo,et al.  Framework and Security Considerations for Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) URI-List Services , 2008, RFC.

[73]  Gonzalo Camarillo Message Body Handling in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) , 2009, RFC.

[74]  Jerome H. Saltzer,et al.  End-to-end arguments in system design , 1984, TOCS.

[75]  Gonzalo Camarillo,et al.  Host Identity Protocol (HIP) Immediate Carriage and Conveyance of Upper-Layer Protocol Signaling (HICCUPS) , 2011, RFC.

[76]  David R. Karger,et al.  Chord: A scalable peer-to-peer lookup service for internet applications , 2001, SIGCOMM '01.

[77]  Miguel A. Garcia-Martin,et al.  Referring to Multiple Resources in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) , 2008, RFC.

[78]  Jonathan D. Rosenberg The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) UPDATE Method , 2002, RFC.

[79]  C. M. Sperberg-McQueen,et al.  Extensible Markup Language (XML) , 1997, World Wide Web J..

[80]  Gonzalo Camarillo,et al.  Estimating operating conditions in a Peer-to-Peer Session Initiation Protocol overlay network , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Parallel & Distributed Processing, Workshops and Phd Forum (IPDPSW).

[81]  E. Tronci,et al.  1996 , 1997, Affair of the Heart.

[82]  Gonzalo Camarillo,et al.  Study on maintenance operations in a chord-based Peer-to-Peer session initiation protocol overlay network , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Parallel & Distributed Processing.

[83]  Mark Handley,et al.  Steps towards a DoS-resistant internet architecture , 2004, FDNA '04.

[84]  Henning Schulzrinne,et al.  Reliability of Provisional Responses in Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) , 2002, RFC.

[85]  Tim Moors A critical review of "End-to-end arguments in system design" , 2002, 2002 IEEE International Conference on Communications. Conference Proceedings. ICC 2002 (Cat. No.02CH37333).

[86]  Jörg Ott,et al.  Very Large Conferences on the Internet: The Internet Multimedia Conferencing Architecture , 1999, Comput. Networks.

[87]  Angelos D. Keromytis,et al.  On the Use of Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) with IPsec , 2003, RFC.

[88]  Bill Fenner IANA Considerations for IPv4 Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) , 2002, RFC.

[89]  Adam Roach,et al.  Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)-Specific Event Notification , 2002, RFC.

[90]  Olivier Hersent The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) , 2010 .

[91]  Christian Vogt Credit-Based Authorization for Concurrent IP-Address Tests , 2005 .

[92]  Mark Handley,et al.  A scalable content-addressable network , 2001, SIGCOMM '01.

[93]  Robert J. Sparks,et al.  The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Refer Method , 2003, RFC.

[94]  John C. Klensin,et al.  Simple Mail Transfer Protocol , 2001, RFC.

[95]  Gonzalo Camarillo The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Pending Additions Event Package , 2008, RFC.

[96]  Sasu Tarkoma,et al.  RTFM: Publish/Subscribe Internetworking Architecture , 2008 .

[97]  Gonzalo Camarillo,et al.  Session Description Protocol (SDP) Format for Binary Floor Control Protocol (BFCP) Streams , 2006, RFC.

[98]  Gonzalo Camarillo,et al.  The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , 2008 .

[99]  Internet Architecture Board,et al.  Writing Protocol Models , 2005, RFC.

[100]  Jari Arkko,et al.  A Taxonomy and Analysis of Enhancements to Mobile IPv6 Route Optimization , 2007, RFC.

[101]  Michael Scharf,et al.  NXG03-5: Head-of-line Blocking in TCP and SCTP: Analysis and Measurements , 2006, IEEE Globecom 2006.

[102]  Gonzalo Camarillo,et al.  Compressing the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) , 2003, RFC.

[103]  Gonzalo Camarillo SIP Demystified , 2001 .

[104]  Gonzalo Camarillo,et al.  Framework for Decentralizing Legacy Applications , 2009, 2009 9th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid.

[105]  Gonzalo Camarillo,et al.  Conference Establishment Using Request-Contained Lists in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) , 2008, RFC.

[106]  Cullen Jennings,et al.  The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and Spam , 2008, RFC.

[107]  Gonzalo Camarillo,et al.  The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem : Merging the Internet and the Cellular Worlds , 2004 .

[108]  Mark Handley,et al.  On Scalable Internet Multimedia Conferencing Systems , 1997 .

[109]  Henning Schulzrinne,et al.  A SIP-based conference control framework , 2002, NOSSDAV '02.

[110]  Gonzalo Camarillo,et al.  A Framework for Consent-Based Communications in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) , 2008, RFC.

[111]  A. Jefferson Offutt,et al.  Quality Attributes of Web Software Applications , 2002, IEEE Softw..

[112]  F. Tisato,et al.  Coordinator: a basic building block for multimedia conferencing systems , 1991, IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM '91: Countdown to the New Millennium. Conference Record.

[113]  Mark Klein,et al.  Experience with performing architecture tradeoff analysis , 1999, Proceedings of the 1999 International Conference on Software Engineering (IEEE Cat. No.99CB37002).

[114]  Jonathan D. Rosenberg,et al.  A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Event Notification Extension for Resource Lists , 2006, RFC.