Accurate Image Super-Resolution Using Very Deep Convolutional Networks

We present a highly accurate single-image superresolution (SR) method. Our method uses a very deep convolutional network inspired by VGG-net used for ImageNet classification [19]. We find increasing our network depth shows a significant improvement in accuracy. Our final model uses 20 weight layers. By cascading small filters many times in a deep network structure, contextual information over large image regions is exploited in an efficient way. With very deep networks, however, convergence speed becomes a critical issue during training. We propose a simple yet effective training procedure. We learn residuals only and use extremely high learning rates (104 times higher than SRCNN [6]) enabled by adjustable gradient clipping. Our proposed method performs better than existing methods in accuracy and visual improvements in our results are easily noticeable.

[1]  C. Duchon Lanczos Filtering in One and Two Dimensions , 1979 .

[2]  Michal Irani,et al.  Improving resolution by image registration , 1991, CVGIP Graph. Model. Image Process..

[3]  Yoshua Bengio,et al.  Learning long-term dependencies with gradient descent is difficult , 1994, IEEE Trans. Neural Networks.

[4]  Yoshua Bengio,et al.  Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition , 1998, Proc. IEEE.

[5]  Jitendra Malik,et al.  A database of human segmented natural images and its application to evaluating segmentation algorithms and measuring ecological statistics , 2001, Proceedings Eighth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. ICCV 2001.

[6]  Simon Haykin,et al.  GradientBased Learning Applied to Document Recognition , 2001 .

[7]  Hong Chang,et al.  Super-resolution through neighbor embedding , 2004, Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2004. CVPR 2004..

[8]  William T. Freeman,et al.  Learning Low-Level Vision , 1999, Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[9]  H. Shum,et al.  Image super-resolution using gradient profile prior , 2008, 2008 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[10]  Michal Irani,et al.  Super-resolution from a single image , 2009, 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision.

[11]  Kwang In Kim,et al.  Single-Image Super-Resolution Using Sparse Regression and Natural Image Prior , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[12]  Michael Elad,et al.  On Single Image Scale-Up Using Sparse-Representations , 2010, Curves and Surfaces.

[13]  Thomas S. Huang,et al.  Image Super-Resolution Via Sparse Representation , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[14]  Aline Roumy,et al.  Low-Complexity Single-Image Super-Resolution based on Nonnegative Neighbor Embedding , 2012, BMVC.

[15]  Chih-Yuan Yang,et al.  Fast Direct Super-Resolution by Simple Functions , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[16]  Razvan Pascanu,et al.  On the difficulty of training recurrent neural networks , 2012, ICML.

[17]  Aline Roumy,et al.  Super-resolution using neighbor embedding of back-projection residuals , 2013, 2013 18th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP).

[18]  Luc Van Gool,et al.  Anchored Neighborhood Regression for Fast Example-Based Super-Resolution , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[19]  Xiaoou Tang,et al.  Learning a Deep Convolutional Network for Image Super-Resolution , 2014, ECCV.

[20]  Luc Van Gool,et al.  A+: Adjusted Anchored Neighborhood Regression for Fast Super-Resolution , 2014, ACCV.

[21]  Andrea Vedaldi,et al.  MatConvNet: Convolutional Neural Networks for MATLAB , 2014, ACM Multimedia.

[22]  Horst Bischof,et al.  Fast and accurate image upscaling with super-resolution forests , 2015, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[23]  Geoffrey E. Hinton,et al.  Deep Learning , 2015, Nature.

[24]  Jian Sun,et al.  Delving Deep into Rectifiers: Surpassing Human-Level Performance on ImageNet Classification , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[25]  Andrew Zisserman,et al.  Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition , 2014, ICLR.

[26]  Guigang Zhang,et al.  Deep Learning , 2016, Int. J. Semantic Comput..

[27]  Xiaoou Tang,et al.  Image Super-Resolution Using Deep Convolutional Networks , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.