Assessing the social costs of capture fisheries: an exploratory study

English Theorists and modellers have made significant progress in defining ecological and economic parameters for measuring the “costs” of fisheries. Social dimensions have not, however, received equal attention. This article enquires into the nature of social costs and how they might be assessed in a cross-cultural perspective. The proposed approach has three underpinnings: (1) social concerns, as manifested in international declarations; (2) human interests as defined by ethics; and (3) the hierarchy of needs, as distinguished by the social psychologist Maslow. Together, these sources suggest three dimensions for the measurement of social costs and benefits, relating to basic needs or wellbeing, social justice and self-realization. One current method for investigating social costs along these lines is the job satisfaction survey. The article concludes with an assessment of the job satisfaction studies that have been done in fisheries. French Théoriciens et modélisateurs ont fait des progrès signifiants en définissant les paramètres écologiques et économiques afin de mesurer les "coûts" des pêcheries. Il reste qu'en tout état de cause la dimension sociale n'a pas reçu la même attention. Cette contribution pose la question de la nature des coûts sociaux et celle de la manière dont ils peuvent être établis dans le cadre d'une perspective transculturelle. L'approche proposée repose sur trois piliers: (1) les préoccupations sociales telles qu'elles s'expriment dans les déclarations internationales; (2) les intérêts humains tels que les définit l'éthique; et (3) la hiérarchie des besoins tels qu'ils sont distingués par le psychologue social Maslow. Ensemble, ces sources d'information suggèrent trois dimensions pour la mesure des coûts sociaux et bénéfices rapportés aux besoins fondamentaux que sont le bien-être, la justice sociale et la réalisation de soi. La méthode actuelle pour rendre compte des coûts sociaux dans ce cadre de travail est l'enquête sur la satisfaction au travail. Cette contribution se conclut avec un inventaire des études de satisfaction au travail telles qu'elles ont été conduites dans les pêches.

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