Associative and Parallel Processors

The purpose of this paper is to present a tutorial survey on the subject of parallel and associative processors. The paper covers the topics of system categorizations, applications, main tradeoff issues, historically important architectures, and the architectures of systems that are currently available. Currently, the microprocessor/computer-ona-chip revolution is providing the potential for p r o d u c t i o n of very cost-effective highperformance computers through utihzation of a large number of these processors in parallel or in a network. The parallel and associative processors provide a class of architectures which can be readily used to take immediate advantage of the microprocessor technology.

[1]  Bertram Bussell.  PROPERTIES OF A VARIABLE STRUCTURE COMPUTER SYSTEM IN THE SOLUTION OF PARABOLIC PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS , 1962 .

[2]  G. Amdhal,et al.  Validity of the single processor approach to achieving large scale computing capabilities , 1967, AFIPS '67 (Spring).

[3]  G. G. Stokes.  "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[4]  John C. Murtha,et al.  SURVEY OF HIGHLY PARALLEL INFORMATION PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS. PHASE I OF AN IMPLICATIONS STUDY , 1964 .

[5]  Leon D. Wald.  Integrated voice/data compression and multiplexing using associative processing , 1974, AFIPS '74.

[6]  N. Minsky.  Rotating Storage Devices As Partially Associative Memories , 1972, SIGFIDET Workshop.

[7]  Edgar H. Sibley,et al.  Tramp: An interpretive associative processor with deductive capabilities , 1968, ACM National Conference.

[8]  L. C. Higbie,et al.  Tutorial: Supercomputer architecture , 1973, Computer.

[9]  Daniel L. Slotnick.  Unconventional systems , 1967, AFIPS '67 (Spring).

[10]  R. H. Fuller,et al.  An associative parallel processor with application to picture processing , 1965, AFIPS '65 (Fall, part I).

[11]  Gerhard L. Hollander,et al.  Drum Organization for Strobe Addressing , 1961, IRE Trans. Electron. Comput..

[12]  John E. Shore.  Second thoughts on parallel processing , 1973 .

[13]  J. Minker.  An overview of associative or content addressable memory systems and a KWIC index to the literature , 1971 .

[14]  Bert F. Green.  Computer Languages for Symbol Manipulation , 1961, IRE Trans. Electron. Comput..

[15]  Yoichi Muraoka,et al.  TRANQUIL: a language for an array processing computer , 1969, AFIPS '69 (Spring).

[16]  Harold S. Stone,et al.  Parallel Processing with the Perfect Shuffle , 1971, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[17]  C. Y. Lee,et al.  A content addressable distributed logic memory with applications to information retrieval , 1963 .

[18]  Bruce H. McCormick,et al.  The Illinois Pattern Recognition Computer-ILLIAC III , 1963, IEEE Trans. Electron. Comput..

[19]  Jon S. Squire,et al.  Programming and design considerations of a highly parallel computer , 1963, AFIPS '63 (Spring).

[20]  Peter C. Patton,et al.  The Future of Parallel Processing , 1973, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[21]  R. S. Gaines,et al.  An Improved Cell Memory , 1965, IEEE Trans. Electron. Comput..

[22]  Naftaly H. Minsky.  Rotating storage devices as partially associative memories , 1972, AFIPS '72 (Fall, part I).

[23]  Jerry D. Erwin,et al.  Interrupt processing with queued content-addressable memories , 1970, AFIPS '70 (Fall).

[24]  G. Jack Lipovski,et al.  The architecture of a context addressed segment-sequential storage , 1972, AFIPS '72 (Fall, part II).

[25]  Robert F. Simmons.  Storage and retrieval of aspects of meaning in directed graph structures , 1966, CACM.

[26]  G. Estrin,et al.  Some applications for content-addressable memories , 1899, AFIPS '63 (Fall).

[27]  John C. Murtha,et al.  Highly Parallel Information Processing Systems , 1966, Adv. Comput..

[28]  P. A. Gilmore.  Numerical solution of partial differential equations by associative processing , 1972, AFIPS '71 (Fall).

[29]  Kenneth J. Thurber.  An associative processor for air traffic control , 1971, AFIPS '71 (Spring).

[30]  Willis K. King.  Design of an Associative Memory , 1971, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[31]  P. Bruce Berra,et al.  Associative processing of line drawings , 1899, AFIPS '71 (Spring).

[32]  Bently A. Crane.  Path Finding with Associative Memory , 1968, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[33]  Joel N. Sturman.  An Iteratively Structured General-Purpose Digital Computer , 1968, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[34]  Duncan H. Lawrie,et al.  Glypnir—a programming language for Illiac IV , 1975, Commun. ACM.

[35]  P. A. Gilmore.  Matrix Computations on an Associative Processor , 1974, Sagamore Computer Conference.

[36]  S. H. Unger,et al.  A Computer Oriented toward Spatial Problems , 1899, Proceedings of the IRE.

[37]  J. A. Githens,et al.  Bulk Processing in Distributed Logic Memory , 1965, IEEE Trans. Electron. Comput..

[38]  Lynn Elliot Cannon,et al.  A cellular computer to implement the kalman filter algorithm , 1969 .

[39]  Gerald Estrin,et al.  Organization of a ``Fixed-Plus-Variable'' Structure Computer for Computation of Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of Real Symmetric Matrices , 1962, JACM.

[40]  R. H. Fuller.  Associative parallel processing , 1967, AFIPS '67 (Spring).

[41]  Donald A. Savitt,et al.  ASSOCIATION-STORING PROCESSOR STUDY. , 1966 .

[42]  R. E. Troop,et al.  ASP: a new concept in language and machine organization , 1967, AFIPS '67 (Spring).

[43]  Rona Barbara Stillman.  Computational logic: the subsumption and unification computations , 1972 .

[44]  G. A. Anderson.  Multiple Match Resolvers: A New Design Method , 1974, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[45]  Marshall C. Pease,et al.  An Adaptation of the Fast Fourier Transform for Parallel Processing , 1968, JACM.

[46]  Martin F. Owens,et al.  Concepts and Applications of Computerized Associative Processing, Including an Associative Processing Bibliography, , 1970 .

[47]  John Holland,et al.  A universal computer capable of executing an arbitrary number of sub-programs simultaneously , 1959, IRE-AIEE-ACM '59 (Eastern).

[48]  C. Y. Lee.  Intercommunicating cells, basis for a distributed logic computer , 1962, AFIPS '62 (Fall).

[49]  R. R. Seeber,et al.  Associative Memory with Ordered Retrieval , 1962, IBM J. Res. Dev..

[50]  Jerome A. Feldman,et al.  An ALGOL-based associative language , 1969, CACM.

[51]  Andrew J. Symonds,et al.  Auxiliary-Storage Associative Data Structure for PL/I , 1968, IBM Syst. J..

[52]  Kenneth J. Thurber,et al.  System Design of a Cellular APL Computer , 1970, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[53]  A. G. Hanlon.  Content-Addressable and Associative Memory Systems a Survey , 1966, IEEE Trans. Electron. Comput..

[54]  William H. Kautz.  An Augmented Content-Addressed Memory Array for Implementation With Large-Scale Integration , 1971, JACM.

[55]  Harold S. Stone,et al.  An Efficient Parallel Algorithm for the Solution of a Tridiagonal Linear System of Equations , 1973, JACM.

[56]  Edward Morenoff,et al.  4-way parallel processor partition of an atmospheric primitive-equation prediction model , 1971, AFIPS '71 (Spring).

[57]  G. J. Lipovski.  The Architecture of a Large Distributed Logic Associative Memory , 1969 .

[58]  Harold S. Stone.  Associative processing for general purpose computers through the use of modified memories , 1968, AFIPS '68 (Fall, part II).

[59]  P. Bruce Berra,et al.  Associative techniques in the solution of data management problems , 1971, ACM '71.

[60]  C. J. Munsey,et al.  A Parallel Computer Organization and Mechanizations , 1963, IEEE Trans. Electron. Comput..

[61]  A. E. Slade,et al.  A cryotron catalog memory system , 1956, AIEE-IRE '56 (Eastern).

[62]  Michael J. Flynn,et al.  Some Computer Organizations and Their Effectiveness , 1972, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[63]  David J. Kuck,et al.  Parallel Computation of Eigenvalues of Real Matrices , 1971, IFIP Congress.

[64]  Robert R. Seeber.  Symbol manipulation with an associative memory , 1961 .

[65]  William Shooman.  Parallel computing with vertical data , 1960, IRE-AIEE-ACM '60 (Eastern).

[66]  Behrooz Parhami,et al.  Associative memories and processors: An overview and selected bibliography , 1973 .

[67]  G. Jack Lipovski,et al.  The architecture of a large associative processor , 1970, AFIPS '70 (Spring).

[68]  William H. Kautz,et al.  Cellular Logic-in-Memory Arrays , 1969, IEEE Transactions on Computers.