Oxygen distributions within tissue by phosphorescence quenching

Oxygen dependent quenching of phosphorescence is a powerful method for measuring oxygen. Phosphors are now available that absorb and emit in the near IR region of the spectrum, are nontoxic, and remain in the blood, allowing rapid measure of oxygen through out selected tissue volumes. In vivo measurements are non-invasive except for the need to inject phosphor into the blood, and phosphorescence lifetimes can be measured without interference by tissue pigments that absorb or fluorescence at the measurement wavelengths. Phosphorescence quenching is uniquely useful for: (1) imaging oxygen in optically clear media or in the surface layer of the tissue, such as in the retina of the eye; (2) determining the distribution of oxygen in media, such as tissue, which have heterogeneous distributions by deconvoluting phosphorescence decay dat. These can be used to calculate the corresponding oxygen histograms. Measurement in 2D grids can b used to construct contour maps of the fraction of the sampled tissue volume with any selected range of oxygen pressures. These maps accurately show the location and size of any regions of hypoxia within the sampled tissue.

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