Efficient visible light photocatalytic removal of NO with BiOBr-graphene nanocomposites

In this study, we demonstrate that bismuth oxybromide and graphene nanocomposites (BGCs) exhibit superior performance on photocatalytic removal of gaseous nitrogen monoxide (NO) to pure BiOBr under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). The photocatalytic NO removal rate constant of BGCs was 2 times that of pure BiOBr. The BGCs were prepared by a facile solvothermal route with using graphene oxide (GO), bismuth nitrite, and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as the precursors. During the synthesis, both of the reduction of GO and the formation of BiOBr nanocrystals were achieved simultaneously. On the basis of the characterization results, we attributed the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the BGCs nanocomposites to more effective charge transportations and separations arisen from the strong chemical bonding between BiOBr and graphene, not to their light absorption extension in the visible region and higher surface area.

[1]  Swapan K. Pati,et al.  Synthesis, structure and properties of homogeneous BC4N nanotubes , 2008 .

[2]  Falong Jia,et al.  Generalized One-Pot Synthesis, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Activity of Hierarchical BiOX (X = Cl, Br, I) Nanoplate Microspheres , 2008 .

[3]  Omid Akhavan,et al.  Photocatalytic Reduction of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets on TiO2 Thin Film for Photoinactivation of Bacteria in Solar Light Irradiation , 2009 .

[4]  N. Koratkar,et al.  Tunable bandgap in graphene by the controlled adsorption of water molecules. , 2010, Small.

[5]  P. Kamat,et al.  TiO2-graphene nanocomposites. UV-assisted photocatalytic reduction of graphene oxide. , 2008, ACS nano.

[6]  A. V. Fedorov,et al.  Metal to insulator transition in epitaxial graphene induced by molecular doping. , 2008, Physical review letters.

[7]  C. Ao,et al.  Photocatalytic conversion of NO using TiO2–NH3 catalysts in ambient air environment , 2004 .

[8]  S. Nguyen,et al.  Graphene oxide, highly reduced graphene oxide, and graphene: versatile building blocks for carbon-based materials. , 2010, Small.

[9]  K. Müllen,et al.  Transparent, conductive graphene electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. , 2008, Nano letters.

[10]  Shuo Chen,et al.  Structuring a TiO2-based photonic crystal photocatalyst with Schottky junction for efficient photocatalysis. , 2010, Environmental science & technology.

[11]  Omid Akhavan,et al.  Photodegradation of Graphene Oxide Sheets by TiO2 Nanoparticles after a Photocatalytic Reduction , 2010 .

[12]  Z. Deng,et al.  From Bulk Metal Bi to Two-Dimensional Well-Crystallized BiOX (X = Cl, Br) Micro- and Nanostructures: Synthesis and Characterization , 2008 .

[13]  S. Pati,et al.  Tuning the electronic structure of graphene by molecular charge transfer: a computational study. , 2009, Chemistry, an Asian journal.

[14]  K. Novoselov,et al.  Raman Fingerprint of Charged Impurities in Graphene , 2007, 0709.2566.

[15]  J. D. Lopez-Gonzalez,et al.  Study of oxygen-containing groups in a series of graphite oxides: Physical and chemical characterization , 1995 .

[16]  Yujie Feng,et al.  Synthesis of visible-light responsive graphene oxide/TiO(2) composites with p/n heterojunction. , 2010, ACS nano.

[17]  Yueming Li,et al.  P25-graphene composite as a high performance photocatalyst. , 2010, ACS nano.

[18]  Yunfeng Lu,et al.  Mesoporous Au/TiO2 nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic activity. , 2007, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[19]  K. Loh,et al.  Multilayer Hybrid Films Consisting of Alternating Graphene and Titania Nanosheets with Ultrafast Electron Transfer and Photoconversion Properties , 2009 .

[20]  Z. Xiong,et al.  Photocatalytic degradation of dyes over graphene-gold nanocomposites under visible light irradiation. , 2010, Chemical communications.

[21]  C. Hierold,et al.  Spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy of single- and few-layer graphene. , 2006, Nano letters.

[22]  S. Pati,et al.  Doping single-walled carbon nanotubes through molecular charge-transfer: a theoretical study. , 2010, Nanoscale.

[23]  Swapan K. Pati,et al.  Novel properties of graphene nanoribbons: a review , 2010 .

[24]  C. Rao,et al.  A study of graphene decorated with metal nanoparticles , 2010 .

[25]  Z. Xia,et al.  X-ray diffraction patterns of graphite and turbostratic carbon , 2007 .

[26]  Klaus von Klitzing,et al.  Raman spectra of epitaxial graphene on SiC and of epitaxial graphene transferred to SiO2. , 2008, Nano letters.

[27]  Andre K. Geim,et al.  Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[28]  O. Akhavan Graphene nanomesh by ZnO nanorod photocatalysts. , 2010, ACS nano.

[29]  Linda Zou,et al.  Novel graphene-like electrodes for capacitive deionization. , 2010, Environmental science & technology.

[30]  Prashant V Kamat,et al.  Graphene-semiconductor nanocomposites: excited-state interactions between ZnO nanoparticles and graphene oxide. , 2009, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[31]  Wen Lai Huang,et al.  DFT calculations on the electronic structures of BiOX (X = F, Cl, Br, I) photocatalysts with and without semicore Bi 5d states , 2009, J. Comput. Chem..

[32]  Filip Braet,et al.  Toward ubiquitous environmental gas sensors-capitalizing on the promise of graphene. , 2010, Environmental science & technology.

[33]  J. Crittenden,et al.  Preparation of a novel TiO2-based p-n junction nanotube photocatalyst. , 2005, Environmental science & technology.

[34]  T. S. Radhakrishnan,et al.  Structure and vibrational properties of carbon tubules , 1994 .

[35]  S. Stankovich,et al.  Graphene-based composite materials , 2006, Nature.

[36]  C. Tang,et al.  Self-Assembled 3-D Architectures of BiOBr as a Visible Light-Driven Photocatalyst , 2008 .

[37]  Hiromi Yamashita,et al.  Graphene Coating of TiO2 Nanoparticles Loaded on Mesoporous Silica for Enhancement of Photocatalytic Activity , 2010 .

[38]  Rose Amal,et al.  Reducing Graphene Oxide on a Visible-Light BiVO4 Photocatalyst for an Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting , 2010 .

[39]  M. Iwanaga,et al.  Charge separation of excitons and the radiative recombination process in PbBr 2 crystals , 2000 .

[40]  J. Nobbs Kubelka—Munk Theory and the Prediction of Reflectance , 2008 .

[41]  C. Berger,et al.  Electronic Confinement and Coherence in Patterned Epitaxial Graphene , 2006, Science.

[42]  Yuehe Lin,et al.  Graphene/TiO2 nanocomposites: synthesis, characterization and application in hydrogen evolution from water photocatalytic splitting , 2010 .

[43]  W. Ho,et al.  Efficient photocatalytic removal of NO in indoor air with hierarchical bismuth oxybromide nanoplate microspheres under visible light. , 2009, Environmental science & technology.

[44]  Xin Eric Wang,et al.  Building Half-Metallicity in Graphene Nanoribbons by Direct Control over Edge States Occupation , 2010, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C.

[45]  Yajun Wang,et al.  Significant photocatalytic enhancement in methylene blue degradation of TiO2 photocatalysts via graphene-like carbon in situ hybridization , 2010 .

[46]  SUPARNA DUTTASINHA,et al.  Graphene: Status and Prospects , 2009, Science.

[47]  C. Coletti,et al.  Charge neutrality and band-gap tuning of epitaxial graphene on SiC by molecular doping , 2010 .

[48]  Z. Xiong,et al.  Pillaring chemically exfoliated graphene oxide with carbon nanotubes for photocatalytic degradation of dyes under visible light irradiation. , 2010, ACS nano.

[49]  Hailiang Wang,et al.  TiO2 nanocrystals grown on graphene as advanced photocatalytic hybrid materials , 2010, 1008.2234.

[50]  Abdul Halim Abdullah,et al.  Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants over titanium dioxide : A review of fundamentals, progress and problems , 2008 .