Evolving green building: triple bottom line or regenerative design?

The research aims to envision the next generation green building. It starts from a critical review of green building concepts and practices. The critiques mainly come from two perspectives: one is triple bottom line and the other is regenerative design, which require that green building should take a holistic approach to sustainability as well as raise its benchmark. Revisiting green building rating systems (such as LEED), the article found that the green building concept and framework is being evolved to embrace sustainability critiques not in a way of bringing in more ambiguous, complicate indicators but through leverage, linkage and contextualization. This article also argues that the rhetoric debate on triple bottom line and regenerative design does not help to push forward building practices towards more sustainable built environments. It is more important to evolve the current engineering approach (thermal insulation and efficiency) to benchmarking and measuring building performance. An ecological approach (thermal dissipation and filtration) is anticipated for next generation green building practices.

[1]  Raymond J. Cole,et al.  Transitioning from green to regenerative design , 2012 .

[2]  Vivian W. Y Tam,et al.  The Effectiveness of the Green Building Evaluation and Labelling System , 2007 .

[3]  Raymond J. Cole,et al.  Emerging trends in building environmental assessment methods , 1998 .

[4]  Cathy Turner,et al.  Green Building Performance Evaluation: Measured Results from LEED-New Construction Buildings , 2008 .

[5]  Peter Clegg,et al.  A practitioner's view of the ‘Regenerative Paradigm’ , 2012 .

[6]  Joel Ann Todd,et al.  Stimulating regenerative development through community dialogue , 2012 .

[7]  Ayyoob Sharifi,et al.  A critical review of seven selected neighborhood sustainability assessment tools , 2013 .

[8]  John Burnett,et al.  Towards a successful voluntary building environmental assessment scheme , 2000 .

[9]  Martin Skitmore,et al.  A prototype system dynamic model for assessing the sustainability of construction projects , 2014 .

[10]  D. Crawley,et al.  Comparative assessment of environmental performance tools and the role of the Green Building Challenge , 2001 .

[11]  Magda Sibley,et al.  Different Stakeholder Perceptions of Sustainability Assessment , 2008 .

[12]  Bill Reed,et al.  Shifting from ‘sustainability’ to regeneration , 2007 .

[13]  Morten Elle,et al.  Environmental indicators: establishing a common language for green building , 2006 .

[14]  Ian Cooper.  Winning hearts and minds or evidence-driven: which trajectory for regenerative design? , 2012 .

[15]  Michael Hiete,et al.  Analysing the interdependencies between the criteria of sustainable building rating systems , 2011 .

[16]  Francis W.H. Yik,et al.  Framework of Building Environmental Assessment Methods , 2001 .

[17]  Chrisna Du Plessis,et al.  Towards a regenerative paradigm for the built environment , 2012 .

[18]  Jian Zuo,et al.  Green building research–current status and future agenda: A review , 2014 .

[19]  David Root,et al.  Advancing key outcomes of sustainability building assessment , 2006 .

[20]  Ian Cooper,et al.  Which focus for building assessment methods – environmental performance or sustainability? , 1999 .

[21]  Joanna Becker,et al.  Making sustainable development evaluations work , 2004 .

[22]  Joel Ann Todd,et al.  REGEN: toward a tool for regenerative thinking , 2012 .

[23]  Appu Haapio,et al.  A critical review of building environmental assessment tools , 2008 .

[24]  Brian Dunbar,et al.  Regenerative design: the LENSES Framework for buildings and communities , 2012 .

[25]  Yong Geng,et al.  An Overview of Chinese Green Building Standards , 2012 .

[26]  C. Choguill.  Developing sustainable neighbourhoods , 2008 .

[27]  Shuzo Murakami,et al.  Development of a comprehensive city assessment tool: CASBEE-City , 2011 .

[28]  Thomas Lützkendorf,et al.  Using an integrated performance approach in building assessment tools , 2006 .

[29]  Raymond J. Cole,et al.  Regenerative design, socio-ecological systems and co-evolution , 2013 .

[30]  Rebecca C. Retzlaff Aicp.  Green Building Assessment Systems: A Framework and Comparison for Planners , 2008 .

[31]  Peter W. Newton,et al.  Regenerating cities: technological and design innovation for Australian suburbs , 2013 .

[32]  Victor Olgyay,et al.  The application of ecosystems services criteria for green building assessment , 2004 .

[33]  Paul Fazio,et al.  Comparative Review of Existing Certification Programs and Performance Assessment Tools for Residential Buildings , 2005 .

[34]  Raymond J. Cole,et al.  Building environmental assessment methods: clarifying intentions , 1999 .

[35]  John H. Scofield,et al.  Efficacy of LEED-certification in reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission for large New York City office buildings , 2013 .

[36]  Janis Birkeland,et al.  Positive Development: From Vicious Circles to Virtuous Cycles through Built Environment Design , 2008 .

[37]  Marita Wallhagen,et al.  Design consequences of differences in building assessment tools: a case study , 2011 .

[38]  Chi Kwan Chau,et al.  Green Buildings: How Green the Label? , 2005 .

[39]  Farnaz Sadeghpour,et al.  Measuring the Sustainability of Existing Communities Using LEED for Neighbourhood Development (LEED-ND) Rating System , 2012 .

[40]  Kiel Moe.  Insulating Modernism: Isolated and Non-isolated Thermodynamics in Architecture , 2014 .

[41]  Katie Williams.  Regenerative design as a force for change: thoughtful, optimistic and evolving ideas , 2012 .

[42]  John Robinson.  Squaring the circle? Some thoughts on the idea of sustainable development , 2004 .

[43]  John Tillman Lyle,et al.  Regenerative Design for Sustainable Development , 1994 .

[44]  Raymond J. Cole,et al.  A regenerative design framework: setting new aspirations and initiating new discussions , 2012 .

[45]  S. Thomas Ng,et al.  Variability of building environmental assessment tools on evaluating carbon emissions , 2013 .

[46]  Michael Yit Lin Chew,et al.  Building Grading Systems: A Review of the State-of-the-Art , 2008 .

[47]  Patrizia Lombardi,et al.  The Multimodal system approach to sustainability planning evaluation , 2007 .

[48]  Valeria Monno,et al.  Beyond the buildingcentric approach: A vision for an integrated evaluation of sustainable buildings , 2012 .

[49]  Bill Bordass,et al.  Rapid assessment checklist for sustainable buildings , 2006 .

[50]  Libby Schweber,et al.  Comparing the fit between BREEAM assessment and design processes , 2014 .

[51]  Jing Li,et al.  Developing regionally specific environmental building tools for China , 2006 .

[52]  John Burnett,et al.  City buildings : Eco-labels and shades of green! , 2007 .

[53]  Zhonghua Gou,et al.  Contextualizing green building rating systems: Case study of Hong Kong , 2014, Habitat International.

[54]  Zhonghua Gou,et al.  Are green buildings more satisfactory and comfortable , 2013 .

[55]  Yacine Rezgui,et al.  Developing sustainable building assessment scheme for Saudi Arabia: Delphi consultation approach , 2013 .

[56]  Maibritt Pedersen Zari,et al.  Ecosystem services analysis for the design of regenerative built environments , 2012 .

[57]  Nobuyuki Kimata.  Japanese expectations for green building assessments , 1999 .

[58]  Niklaus Kohler,et al.  The relevance of Green Building Challenge: an observer's perspective , 1999 .

[59]  Umberto Berardi,et al.  Clarifying the new interpretations of the concept of sustainable building , 2013 .

[60]  Grace K C Ding,et al.  Sustainable construction--the role of environmental assessment tools. , 2008, Journal of environmental management.

[61]  John Burnett,et al.  Customization of GBTool in Hong Kong , 2006 .

[62]  Bill Reed,et al.  Designing from place: a regenerative framework and methodology , 2012 .

[63]  Yacine Rezgui,et al.  Sustainable building assessment tool development approach , 2012 .

[64]  Xiaoling Zhang,et al.  Green property development practice in China: Costs and barriers , 2011 .

[65]  Urs Buehlmann,et al.  Forest certification and green building standards: overview and use in the U.S. hardwood industry , 2012 .

[66]  Konstantinos Papamichael,et al.  Green Building Performance Prediction/Assessment , 2002 .

[67]  Raymond J. Cole,et al.  Building environmental assessment methods: redefining intentions and roles , 2005 .

[68]  Chi Ming Tam,et al.  Environmental performance assessment in China and Hong Kong , 2004 .

[69]  Joel Ann Todd,et al.  Regional and cultural issues in environmental performance assessment for buildings , 1999 .

[70]  Zhonghua Gou,et al.  Market readiness and policy implications for green buildings: case study from Hong Kong. , 2013 .

[71]  Joseph A. Tainter.  Regenerative design in science and society , 2012 .