Continuous spectra of the Batchelor vortex

The spectra of the Batchelor vortex are obtained by discretizing its linearized evolution operator using a modified Chebyshev polynomial approximation at a Reynolds number of 1000 and zero azimuthal wavenumber. Three types of eigenmodes are identified from the spectra: discrete modes, potential modes and free-stream modes. The discrete modes have been extensively documented but the last two modes have received little attention. A convergence study of the spectra and pseudospectra supports the classification that discrete modes correspond to discrete spectra while the other two modes correspond to continuous spectra. Free-stream modes have finite amplitude in the far field whilst potential modes decay to zero in the far field. The free-stream modes are therefore a limiting form of the potential modes when the radial decay rate of velocity components reduces to zero. The radial form of the free-stream modes with axial and radial wavenumbers is investigated and the penetration of the free-stream mode into the vortex core highlights the possibility of interaction between the potential region and the vortex core. A wavepacket pseudomode study confirms the existence of continuous spectra and predicts the locations and radial wavenumbers of the eigenmodes. The pseudomodes corresponding to the potential modes are observed to be in the form of one or two wavepackets while the free-stream modes are not observed to be in the form of wavepackets.