Separation characteristics of wall-coated open-tubular columns for gas chromatography.

The application of the solvation parameter model for the classification of wall-coated open-tubular columns for gas chromatography is reviewed. A system constants database for 50 wall-coated open-tubular columns at five equally spaced temperatures between 60 and 140 degrees C is constructed and statistical and chemometric techniques used to identify stationary phases with equivalent selectivity, the effect of monomer chemistry on selectivity, and the selection of stationary phases for method development. The system constants database contains examples of virtually all commercially available common stationary phases.

[1]  J. Platts,et al.  Hydrogen bond structural group constants. , 2001, The Journal of organic chemistry.

[2]  J. E. Quintanilla-López,et al.  Application of the solvation parameter model to poly(methylcyanopropylsiloxane) stationary phases. , 2006, Journal of chromatography. A.

[3]  M. Abraham,et al.  Connection between chromatographic data and biological data. , 2000, Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications.

[4]  Raymond D. Dandeneau,et al.  An investigation of glasses for capillary chromatography , 1979 .

[5]  Alessandro Giolitti,et al.  Theoretical Prediction of the Abraham Hydrogen Bond Acidity and Basicity Factors from a Reaction Field Method , 2005, J. Chem. Inf. Model..

[6]  C. Tomastik,et al.  Approaches for the coating of capillary columns with highly phenylated stationary phases for high-temperature GC. , 2004, Journal of separation science.

[7]  C. Poole,et al.  Separation characteristics of phenyl-containing stationary phases for gas chromatography based on silarylene-siloxane copolymer chemistries. , 2006, Journal of separation science.

[8]  Jim Luong,et al.  Developments in stationary phase technology for gas chromatography , 2002 .

[9]  C. Poole,et al.  Column selectivity from the perspective of the solvation parameter model. , 2002, Journal of chromatography. A.

[10]  D. Ballantine,et al.  Calculation of Abraham solute descriptors from McReynolds gas chromatographic retention data. , 2000, Journal of chromatography. A.

[11]  L. Blomberg,et al.  Siloxane/silarylene copolymers as stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography. Part II: Phenylsubstituted polymers , 1988 .

[12]  R. J. Abraham,et al.  NMR method for the determination of solute hydrogen bond acidity. , 2006, The Journal of organic chemistry.

[13]  Michael H. Abraham,et al.  Scales of solute hydrogen-bonding: their construction and application to physicochemical and biochemical processes , 2010 .

[14]  C. Poole,et al.  Influence of interfacial adsorption on the system constants of the solvation parameter model in gas-liquid chromatography , 2000 .

[15]  C. Poole,et al.  Evaluation of the separation characteristics of application-specific (pesticides and dioxins) open-tubular columns for gas chromatography. , 2006, Journal of chromatography. A.

[16]  M. Abraham,et al.  Descriptors for solutes from the solubility of solids: trans-stilbene as an example , 1998 .

[17]  K. Markides,et al.  Deactivation of fused-silica capillary columns with polymethylhydrosiloxanes : Optimization of reaction conditions , 1986 .

[18]  F. Mutelet,et al.  Experimental determination and prediction of the gas-liquid n-hexadecane partition coefficients. , 2001, Journal of chromatography. A.

[19]  C. Poole,et al.  Selectivity equivalence of poly(dimethyldiphenylsiloxane) stationary phases for open-tubular column gas chromatography , 2001 .

[20]  J. Santiuste,et al.  Interactions between 33 solutes and four cyano-containing stationary phases: gas chromatographic activity coefficients and the solvation parameter model , 2003, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

[21]  J. Takács.  Unified system for the prediction of retention data in gas-liquid chromatography , 1998 .

[22]  K. Markides,et al.  Static coating of 5 to 50 μm I.D. capillary columns for open tubular column chromatography , 1990 .

[23]  Michael H. Abraham,et al.  Hydrogen bonding. Part 7. A scale of solute hydrogen-bond acidity based on log K values for complexation in tetrachloromethane , 1989 .

[24]  C. Poole,et al.  Influence of concurrent retention mechanisms on the determination of stationary phase selectivity in gas chromatography , 1987 .

[25]  C. Poole,et al.  Evaluation of the separation characteristics of application-specific (volatile organic compounds) open-tubular columns for gas chromatography. , 2006, Journal of chromatography. A.

[26]  R. A. McGill,et al.  Determination of olive oil–gas and hexadecane–gas partition coefficients, and calculation of the corresponding olive oil–water and hexadecane–water partition coefficients , 1987 .

[27]  L. Blomberg,et al.  The role of organosilicon chemistry in the preparation of capillary columns for gas chromatography , 1985 .

[28]  V. G. Berezkin,et al.  The essence of chromatography , 2002 .

[29]  C. Poole,et al.  Chromatographic methods for the determination of the logL16 solute descriptor. , 2000, The Analyst.

[30]  A. Malik,et al.  Sol−Gel Column Technology for Single-Step Deactivation, Coating, and Stationary-Phase Immobilization in High-Resolution Capillary Gas Chromatography , 1997 .

[31]  C. Poole,et al.  Thermodynamic approach to the practical characterization of solvent strength and selectivity of commonly used stationary phases in gas chromatography , 1989 .

[32]  H. Kählig,et al.  Characterization of stationary phases for gas chromatography by 29Si NMR spectroscopy. II. Silphenylene-siloxane copolymers. , 2001, Journal of chromatography. A.

[33]  C. Poole,et al.  Experimental protocol for the assessment of solvent strength and selectivity of liquid phases used in gas chromatography , 1990 .

[34]  C. Poole,et al.  Application of principal component factor analysis to the cavity model of solvation to identify factors important in characterizing the solvent properties of gas chromatographic stationary phases , 1995 .

[35]  M. Abraham,et al.  Synthesis and gas chromatographic evaluation of a high-temperature hydrogen-bond acid stationary phase , 1998 .

[36]  C. Poole,et al.  Evaluation of the Linear-Elution-Strength Model for the Prediction of Retention and Selectivity in Isothermal Gas Chromatography , 2004 .

[37]  A. Kabir,et al.  Sol-gel poly(ethylene glycol) stationary phase for high-resolution capillary gas chromatography. , 2003, Analytical chemistry.

[38]  Michael H. Abraham,et al.  Hydrogen bonding: XVII. The characterisation of 24 gas-liquid chromatographic stationary phases studied by Poole and co-workers. including molten salts, and evaluation of solute-stationary phase interactions , 1991 .

[39]  C. Poole,et al.  Recent advances in solvation models for stationary phase characterization and the prediction of retention in gas chromatography , 1992 .

[40]  C. Poole,et al.  Interpretation of the influence of temperature on the solvation properties of gas chromatographic stationary phases using Abraham's solvation parameter model , 1993 .

[41]  C. Cramers,et al.  Deactivation of silica surfaces with a silanol-terminated polysiloxane; Structural characterization by inverse gas chromatography and solid-state NMR , 1997 .

[42]  M. Abraham,et al.  Hydrogen bonding: XXI. Solvation parameters for alkylaromatic hydrocarbons from gas-liquid chromatographic data , 1992 .

[43]  R. V. Golovnya,et al.  Comparison of methods for the determination of the polarity and selectivity of stationary phases in gas chromatography from a thermodynamic point of view , 1990 .

[44]  R. Doherty,et al.  Hydrogen bonding. Part 13. A new method for the characterisation of GLC stationary phases—the laffort data set , 1990 .

[45]  C. Poole,et al.  Characteristic Stationary Phase Constants for Two Popular Open‐Tubular Column Stationary Phases for Gas Chromatography , 2000 .

[46]  L. Rohrschneider.  Explanatory coefficients for stationary phases in gas chromatography from McReynolds phase constants , 1994 .

[47]  C. Poole,et al.  Appraisal of an Empirical Model for Simulation of Retention from Structure in Temperature-Programmed Gas Chromatography , 2004 .

[48]  C. Poole,et al.  Application of multivariate analysis to the selection of test solutes for characterizing stationary phase selectivity in gas chromatography , 1991 .

[49]  P. Carr,et al.  Use of Principal Component Analysis To Study the Importance of Solute “Polarizability Corrections” in Linear Solvation Energy Relationships , 1998 .

[50]  T. Welsch.  High‐temperature silylation in the production of inert glass capillary columns. From the first experiments to the chemical mechanism , 1988 .

[51]  C. Poole,et al.  Considerations for using the solvent selectivity triangle approach for stationary phase characterization , 1988 .

[52]  F. Mutelet,et al.  New method to determine LSER parameters , 2003 .

[53]  M. Abraham,et al.  Calculation of Abraham descriptors from experimental data from seven HPLC systems; evaluation of five different methods of calculation , 2002 .

[54]  Colin F. Poole,et al.  Classification of stationary phases and other materials by gas chromatography , 1999 .

[55]  W. Jennings.  Comparisons of fused silica and other glass columns in gas chromatography , 1981 .

[56]  Adam Ibrahim,et al.  Determination of sets of solute descriptors from chromatographic measurements. , 2004, Journal of chromatography. A.

[57]  M. Abraham,et al.  Comparison of uncorrected retention data on a capillary and a packed hexadecane column with corrected retention data on a packed squalane column , 1994 .

[58]  J. E. Quintanilla-López,et al.  System constants of synthesized poly(methyl-3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) siloxanes. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

[59]  V. Schurig,et al.  Extraordinary chiral discrimination in inclusion gas chromatography. thermodynamics of enantioselectivity between a racemic perfluorodiether and a modified gamma-cyclodextrin. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. A.

[60]  C. Poole,et al.  System constants for the bis(cyanopropylsiloxane)-co-methylsilarylene HP-88 and poly(siloxane) Rtx-440 stationary phases. , 2005, Journal of chromatography. A.

[61]  L. Rohrschneider.  Characterization of stationary phases by retention data and solvation parameters , 2001 .

[62]  C. Poole,et al.  Evaluation of the separation characteristics of application-specific (fatty acid methyl esters) open-tubular columns for gas chromatography. , 2007, Journal of separation science.

[63]  R. Fu,et al.  Peralkylated-beta-cyclodextrin used as gas chromatographic stationary phase prepared by sol-gel technology for capillary column. , 2004, Journal of chromatography. A.

[64]  K. Furton,et al.  Potential ambiguities in the use of mcreynolds constants: Apparent differences in stationary phase selectivities exclusively attributable to the hydrocarbon index standards , 1991 .

[65]  K. Héberger.  Evaluation of polarity indicators and stationary phases by principal component analysis in gas–liquid chromatography , 1999 .

[66]  K. Grob.  Making and Manipulating Capillary Columns for Gas Chromatography , 1986 .

[67]  Michael H. Abraham,et al.  Hydrogen bonding. 31. Construction of a scale of solute effective or summation hydrogen‐bond basicity , 1993 .

[68]  H. Nowotny,et al.  Separation of enantiomers on diluted permethylated β-cyclodextrin by high-resolution gas chromatography , 1988 .

[69]  C. Poole,et al.  Revised solute descriptors for characterizing retention properties of open-tubular columns in gas chromatography and their application to a carborane-siloxane copolymer stationary phase. , 2006, Journal of chromatography. A.

[70]  J. A. Yancey.  Review of Liquid Phases in Gas Chromatography, Part II: Applications , 1994 .

[71]  James A. Platts,et al.  Estimation of Molecular Linear Free Energy Relation Descriptors Using a Group Contribution Approach , 1999, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci..

[72]  A. Voelkel,et al.  Solubility parameters of broad and narrow distributed oxyethylates of fatty alcohols , 1993 .

[73]  H. Kählig,et al.  Tetramethyl-p,p'-sildiphenylene ether-dimethyl, diphenylsiloxane copolymers as stationary phases in gas chromatography. , 2004, Journal of chromatography. A.

[74]  W. O. McReynolds,et al.  Characterization of Some Liquid Phases , 1970 .

[75]  M. Abraham,et al.  Hydrogen bonding: XXVIII. Comparison of the salvation theories of Abraham and Poole, using a new acidic gas-liquid chromatography stationary phase , 1993 .

[76]  B. W. Wright,et al.  Preparation of glass capillary columns for gas chromatography , 1980 .

[77]  C. Poole,et al.  Influence of diphenylsiloxane composition on the selectivity of poly(dimethyldiphenylsiloxane) stationary phases for open-tubular column gas chromatography , 2001 .

[78]  R. Rajkó,et al.  Theoretical characterization of McReynolds' constants , 2005 .

[79]  Daniel Svozil,et al.  Neural Network Prediction of the Solvatochromic Polarity/Polarizability Parameter PiH2[S_EL2;quad] , 1997, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci..

[80]  H. Kählig,et al.  A trifluoropropyl‐containing silphenylene–siloxane terpolymer for high temperature gas chromatography , 2003 .

[81]  Milton L. Lee,et al.  Dicyanobiphenyl polysioloxane stationary phases for capillary column gas chromatography , 1997 .

[82]  Olivier Lamarche,et al.  Theoretical prediction of the polarity/polarizability parameter π2H , 2001 .

[83]  L. Blomberg,et al.  Silicone gum of OV-225 type for open-tubular gas chromatography , 1994 .

[84]  G. Castello,et al.  Effect of temperature on the polarity of some stationary phases for gas chromatography , 1997 .

[85]  C. Poole,et al.  Selectivity assessment of popular stationary phases for open-tubular column gas chromatography. , 2001, Journal of chromatography. A.

[86]  C. Poole,et al.  Selectivity equivalence of poly(ethylene glycol) stationary phases for gas chromatography. , 2000, Journal of chromatography. A.

[87]  Colin F. Poole,et al.  Comparison of two free energy of solvation models for characterizing selectivity of stationary phases used in gas-liquid chromatography , 1992 .

[88]  M. Abraham,et al.  Solubility of Crystalline Nonelectrolyte Solutes in Organic Solvents: Mathematical Correlation of Benzil Solubilities with the Abraham General Solvation Model , 2003 .

[89]  C. Poole,et al.  Selectivity differences between sol-gel coated and immobilized liquid film open-tubular columns for gas chromatography. , 2002, The Analyst.

[90]  C. Poole,et al.  Assessment of the selectivity equivalence of DB-608 and DB-624 open-tubular columns for gas chromatography. , 2004, Journal of separation science.

[91]  P. Carr,et al.  Empirical scheme for the classification of gas chromatographic stationary phases based on solvatochromic linear solvation energy relationships , 1990 .

[92]  G. Miller,et al.  Spectroscopy and the classification of liquid stationary phases in gas-liquid chromatography , 1985 .

[93]  C. Poole,et al.  Influence of composition and temperature on the selectivity of stationary phases containing either mixtures of poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) or copolymers of cyanopropylphenylsiloxane and dimethylsiloxane for open-tubular column gas chromatography , 2002 .

[94]  P. Carr,et al.  Development of a gas chromatographic scale of solute hydrogen bond acceptor basicity and characterization of some hydrogen bond donor phases by use of linear solvation energy relationships , 1993 .

[95]  M. Abraham.  Hydrogen bonding: XXVII. Solvation parameters for functionally substituted aromatic compounds and heterocyclic compounds, from gas—liquid chromatographic data , 1993 .

[96]  K. Markides,et al.  Rayleigh instability of stationary phase films in capillary column chromatography , 1987 .

[97]  P. Carr,et al.  A comparison of gas-hexadecane and gas-apolane partition coefficients. , 1998, Analytical chemistry.

[98]  C. Poole,et al.  Non‐specific retention characteristics of dissolved β‐cyclodextrin derivatives in open tubular column gas chromatography , 2003 .

[99]  C. Poole,et al.  Evaluation of a structure-driven retention model for temperature-programmed gas chromatography. , 2003, Journal of chromatography. A.

[100]  C. Poole,et al.  Influence of temperature on the mechanism by which compounds are retained in gas-liquid chromatography , 1994 .

[101]  Jesús Jover,et al.  Determination of Abraham Solute Parameters from Molecular Structure , 2004, J. Chem. Inf. Model..

[102]  C. Poole,et al.  Influence of solute size and the non-polar interaction term on the selection of test solutes for the classification of stationary phase selectivity in gas chromatography , 1991 .

[103]  Olivier Lamarche,et al.  Complementary nature of hydrogen bond basicity and acidity scales from electrostatic and atoms in molecules properties , 2003 .

[104]  C. Poole,et al.  Selectivity assessment of DB-200 and DB-VRX open-tubular capillary columns. , 2001, Journal of chromatography. A.

[105]  U. Pyell.  Electrokinetic chromatography : theory, instrumentation, and applications , 2006 .

[106]  Michael H. Abraham,et al.  Calculation of Abraham descriptors from solvent–water partition coefficients in four different systems; evaluation of different methods of calculation , 2002 .

[107]  C. Poole,et al.  Importance of the retention index standards in determining the magnitude of McReynolds phase constants , 1987 .

[108]  Peter W Carr,et al.  The chemical interpretation and practice of linear solvation energy relationships in chromatography. , 2006, Journal of chromatography. A.