Frames of Solid Bars of Varying Cross Sections

The deformation method is fundamental of the problems of buckling, bending, and simultaneous bending and compression or tension of elastic structures, such as continuous beams, frames, arches, etc. The derivation of the slope-deflection equations of the deformation method and the application of this method in solving various problems of statics, stability, and dynamics of complex systems of bars with constant cross section is described. The slope-deflection equations for the displacement method deduced in this paper makes it possible to solve problems on the buckling and bending of elastic structures (continuous beams and frames) built from solid bars with cross section varying in ways often encountered in engineering structures. The deduced formulas can be used to determine the bending moments, shear forces, axial forces, and loads in the case of frames for factory bays, crane structures, high-voltage pylons, certain elements of bridges, etc. Several examples are given.