Thermal Capsulorraphy: Histological and Biomechanical Considerations for Rehabilitation

Abstract The use of thermal energy (laser and radiofrequency) as a surgical method to selectively shrink redundant capsuloligamentous structures has become increasingly popular. Application of thermal energy results in significant and predictable alterations in collagen fibers within the connective tissue structures. This predisposes the connective tissues to undergo a myriad of histological and biomechanical transformations. The purpose of this review is to analyze the contemporary literature regarding the histological and biomechanical alterations that occur in collagenous structures when subjected to thermal energy and to discuss how these may impact the rehabilitation process. The results of this review indicate the initial phase of rehabilitation as the most crucial. It is during this period that the collagenous structures are extremely susceptible to plastic deformation and if not protected could render the patient susceptible to clinical failure.