An Improved Adaptive-Torque-Gain MPPT Control for Direct-Driven PMSG Wind Turbines Considering Wind Farm Turbulences

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) plays an important role in increasing the efficiency of a wind energy conversion system (WECS). In this paper, three conventional MPPT methods are reviewed: power signal feedback (PSF) control, decreased torque gain (DTG) control, and adaptive torque gain (ATG) control, and their potential challenges are investigated. It is found out that the conventional MPPT method ignores the effect of wind turbine inertia and wind speed fluctuations, which lowers WECS efficiency. Accordingly, an improved adaptive torque gain (IATG) method is proposed, which customizes adaptive torque gains and enhances MPPT performances. Specifically, the IATG control considers wind farm turbulences and works out the relationship between the optimal torque gains and the wind speed characteristics, which has not been reported in the literature. The IATG control is promising, especially under the ongoing trend of building wind farms with large-scale wind turbines and at low and medium wind speed sites.

[1]  M. Liserre,et al.  Power electronics converters for wind turbine systems , 2011, 2011 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition.

[2]  Xu She,et al.  Universal Tracking Control of Wind Conversion System for Purpose of Maximum Power Acquisition Under Hierarchical Control Structure , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[3]  Whei-Min Lin,et al.  Unbalanced distribution network fault analysis with hybrid compensation , 2011 .

[4]  F. Bianchi,et al.  Wind turbine control systems , 2006 .

[5]  Wei Hua,et al.  A Novel Maximum Power Point Tracking Control for Permanent Magnet Direct Drive Wind Energy Conversion Systems , 2012 .

[6]  L.Y. Pao,et al.  Control of variable-speed wind turbines: standard and adaptive techniques for maximizing energy capture , 2006, IEEE Control Systems.

[7]  Yun Zou,et al.  A Multi-Point Method Considering the Maximum Power Point Tracking Dynamic Process for Aerodynamic Optimization of Variable-Speed Wind Turbine Blades , 2016 .

[8]  Ting-Chia Ou.  Ground fault current analysis with a direct building algorithm for microgrid distribution , 2013 .

[9]  Shyh-Jier Huang,et al.  A Modified Bird-Mating Optimization with Hill-Climbing for Connection Decisions of Transformers , 2016 .

[10]  Dong-Choon Lee,et al.  Maximum Output Power Tracking Control in Variable-Speed Wind Turbine Systems Considering Rotor Inertial Power , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[11]  K. H. Ahmed,et al.  A New Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Based Wind Energy Conversion System , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[12]  Zheren Ma,et al.  An Adaptive Wind Turbine Controller Considering Both the System Performance and Fatigue Loading , 2015 .

[13]  Yun,et al.  Improved MPPT Control Based on the Reduction of Tracking Range , 2012 .

[14]  Ming Cheng,et al.  The state of the art of wind energy conversion systems and technologies: A review , 2014 .

[15]  Wei Qiao,et al.  A Review on Position/Speed Sensorless Control for Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine-Based Wind Energy Conversion Systems , 2013, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics.

[16]  Jie Chen,et al.  Constant-Bandwidth Maximum Power Point Tracking Strategy for Variable-Speed Wind Turbines and Its Design Details , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[17]  Nesimi Ertugrul,et al.  Dynamic wind turbine output power reduction under varying wind speed conditions due to inertia , 2013 .

[18]  Kalyan Chatterjee,et al.  A review of conventional and advanced MPPT algorithms for wind energy systems , 2016 .

[19]  Chih-Ming Hong,et al.  Self-Regulation Ground Faults Model for Microgrid Distribution , 2015 .

[20]  Frede Blaabjerg,et al.  Comparison of Wind Power Converter Reliability With Low-Speed and Medium-Speed Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generators , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[21]  Fangxing Li,et al.  Second-Order Cone Programming-Based Optimal Control Strategy for Wind Energy Conversion Systems Over Complete Operating Regions , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[22]  Chih-Ming Hong,et al.  Development of intelligent MPPT (maximum power point tracking) control for a grid-connected hybrid power generation system , 2013 .

[23]  Ting-Chia Ou,et al.  A novel unsymmetrical faults analysis for microgrid distribution systems , 2012 .

[24]  Kathryn E. Johnson,et al.  Methods for Increasing Region 2 Power Capture on a Variable-Speed Wind Turbine , 2004 .

[25]  Chih-Ming Hong,et al.  Dynamic operation and control of microgrid hybrid power systems , 2014 .

[26]  B. Dakyo,et al.  Large Band Simulation of the Wind Speed for Real-Time Wind Turbine Simulators , 2002, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[27]  Zhe Chen,et al.  A Review of the State of the Art of Power Electronics for Wind Turbines , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[28]  Xianbo Zhao,et al.  The importance of use and end-of-life phases to the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of concrete : a review , 2014 .

[29]  Barry W. Williams,et al.  Wind Turbine Power Coefficient Analysis of a New Maximum Power Point Tracking Technique , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[30]  Whei-Min Lin,et al.  Hybrid intelligent control of PMSG wind generation system using pitch angle control with RBFN , 2011 .

[31]  Hai-Jiao Guo,et al.  A novel algorithm for fast and efficient maximum power point tracking of wind energy conversion systems , 2008, 2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines.

[32]  Zhiqiang Jin,et al.  DFIG Voltage Control Based on Dynamically Adjusted Control Gains , 2014 .

[33]  Mohammad Jafari Jozani,et al.  Wind Turbine Power Curve Modeling Using Advanced Parametric and Nonparametric Methods , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[34]  Yin Minghu.  Improved MPPT Control of Wind Turbines Based on Optimization of Tracking Range , 2014 .

[35]  Shuangxia Niu,et al.  Maximum Power Point Tracking Sensorless Control of an Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Vernier Wind Power Generator , 2016 .

[36]  Fangxing Li,et al.  Semi-definite programming (SDP) for power output control in wind energy conversion system , 2014, 2014 IEEE PES General Meeting | Conference & Exposition.

[37]  Kathryn E. Johnson.  Adaptive Torque Control of Variable Speed Wind Turbines , 2004 .

[38]  Fangxing Li,et al.  Maximum power point tracking strategy for large-scale wind generation systems considering wind turbine dynamics , 2015, 2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting.