Irregular menstruation according to occupational status

ABSTRACT This cross-sectional study explored associations of irregular menstruation with occupational characteristics, using secondary analyses of data from 4,731 women aged 19–54 years, collected from a nationally representative sample, the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-V during 2010–2012. The associations between irregular menstruation and occupation were explored using multiple logistic regression. Compared to non-manual workers, service/sales workers had a greater odds of irregular menstruation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.44; 95percent confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–1.99) as did manual workers and unemployed women (aOR: 1.56; 95percent CI: 1.10–2.22, aOR: 1.46; 95percent CI: 1.14–1.89, respectively). Compared to regular workers, temporary workers and unemployed women had aORs of 1.52 (95percent CI: 1.08–2.13) and 1.33 (95percent CI: 1.05–1.69), respectively. Also, when compared to full-time workers, part-time workers and unemployed women had greater odds of irregular menstruation (aOR: 1.41; 95percent CI: 1.00–2.00 and aOR: 1.29; 95percent CI: 1.03–1.63, respectively). Furthermore, compared to daytime workers, shift workers and unemployed women had greater odds irregular menstruation (aOR: 1.39; 95percent CI: 1.03–1.88 and aOR: 1.28; 95percent CI: 1.04–1.59, respectively). Women with these occupational characteristics should be screened for early diagnosis and intervention for irregular menstruation.

[1]  김윤희,et al.  Association between Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Disease : Based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008-2011 , 2016 .

[2]  Carissa M Rocheleau,et al.  Work schedule and physically demanding work in relation to menstrual function: the Nurses' Health Study 3. , 2015, Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health.

[3]  김현정,et al.  A Survey of Oral Contraceptive Utilization Patterns and Adverse Event in Korean Women Aged 20 to 49 Years , 2015 .

[4]  Ok-im Park,et al.  Effects of Emotional Labor on Women's Reproductive Health of Nurses , 2015 .

[5]  문옥륜,et al.  Tobacco Harm Reduction : Its Health Policy Implication , 2015 .

[6]  Sungjin Park,et al.  Emotional labor and dysmenorrhea in women working in sales and call centers , 2014, Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.

[7]  M. Järvelin,et al.  Irregular menstruation and hyperandrogenaemia in adolescence are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome and infertility in later life: Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 study. , 2014, Human reproduction.

[8]  Y. Kwon.  Understanding expected number of children of childless married and single men and women , 2014 .

[9]  Lily Kang,et al.  Impact of emotional labor and stress coping behaviors on job strain in cosmetology industry workers , 2014 .

[10]  R. Luoto,et al.  Pubertal timing, menstrual irregularity, and mental health: results of a population-based study , 2014, Archives of Women's Mental Health.

[11]  S. Mohammadi,et al.  Characteristics of Menstrual Cycle in Shift Workers , 2013, Global journal of health science.

[12]  H. Kwon,et al.  Characteristics of metabolically obese, normal-weight women differ by menopause status: the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey , 2013, Menopause.

[13]  Eun Kyung Lee.  Factors associated with Hypertension Control in Korean Adults : The Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-2) , 2013 .

[14]  M. Munro,et al.  The FIGO systems for nomenclature and classification of causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in the reproductive years: who needs them? , 2012, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[15]  Eunyoung Hong,et al.  Health Status and Affecting Factors related to Job among Korean Women Employees , 2012 .

[16]  F. Vázquez,et al.  Psychological Distress and Related Factors in Female College Students , 2012, Journal of American college health : J of ACH.

[17]  Mi-Ja Kim,et al.  Mental Health, Stress, Coping Ability, and Coping Strategies among College Students , 2012 .

[18]  Patrice M. Weiss,et al.  Evaluation and management of abnormal uterine bleeding in premenopausal women. , 2012, American family physician.

[19]  C. Ekpenyong,et al.  Academic stress and menstrual disorders among female undergraduates in Uyo, South Eastern Nigeria - the need for health education. , 2011, Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria.

[20]  A. Omu,et al.  Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: prevalence and effects on nursing students' academic performance and clinical training in Kuwait. , 2011, Journal of clinical nursing.

[21]  Soo-Ho Chung,et al.  Premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea in the career women at Bucheon City , 2011 .

[22]  G. B. Louis,et al.  Stress reduces conception probabilities across the fertile window: evidence in support of relaxation. , 2011, Fertility and sterility.

[23]  D. Spiegelman,et al.  Rotating Shift Work and Menstrual Cycle Characteristics , 2011, Epidemiology.

[24]  M. Momoeda,et al.  Menstrual cycle and menstrual pain problems and related risk factors among Japanese female workers. , 2011, Industrial health.

[25]  J. Siegrist,et al.  Work and Family Stress is Associated with Menstrual Disorders but not with Fibrocystic Changes: Cross‐sectional Findings in Chinese Working Women , 2010, Journal of occupational health.

[26]  F. Akdeniz.  Female-specific health problems in mental patients , 2010, Current opinion in psychiatry.

[27]  M. Mahoney.  Shift Work, Jet Lag, and Female Reproduction , 2010, International journal of endocrinology.

[28]  S. Koh,et al.  Factors Related to Occupational Injuries and Health Problems for Some Female Workers in Non-standard Employment. , 2009 .

[29]  Kazuhiko Yamamoto,et al.  The relationship between premenstrual symptoms, menstrual pain, irregular menstrual cycles, and psychosocial stress among Japanese college students. , 2009, Journal of physiological anthropology.

[30]  T. Dwyer,et al.  Obesity and Menstrual Irregularity: Associations With SHBG, Testosterone, and Insulin , 2009, Obesity.

[31]  Pam Hulstein.  Premenstrual Symptoms and Academic Stress in Emerging Adulthood Women , 2009 .

[32]  Charlotte Watts,et al.  WHO Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women: Initial Results on Prevalence, Health Outcomes and Women's Responses , 2008 .

[33]  M. Çakır,et al.  Menstrual pattern and common menstrual disorders among university students in Turkey , 2007, Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society.

[34]  Y. Yang,et al.  Validity and Reliability of Korean Version of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) Short Form. , 2007 .

[35]  I. Figa-talamanca.  Occupational risk factors and reproductive health of women. , 2006, Occupational medicine.

[36]  H. Lee,et al.  The Working Conditions and Reproductive Health of Female Hairdressers , 2006 .

[37]  Sung-il Cho,et al.  [Does non-standard work affect health?]. , 2005, Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi.

[38]  M. Kivimäki,et al.  Temporary employment and health: a review. , 2005, International journal of epidemiology.

[39]  G. Richardson,et al.  Brief wake episodes modulate sleep-inhibited luteinizing hormone secretion in the early follicular phase. , 2005, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[40]  Gwo-Hwa Wan,et al.  The Associations between Menstrual Function and Life Style/Working Conditions among Nurses in Taiwan , 2005, Journal of occupational health.

[41]  Susan R. Johnson.  Premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and beyond: a clinical primer for practitioners. , 2004, Obstetrics and gynecology.

[42]  O. Campbell,et al.  Epidemiology of menstrual disorders in developing countries: a systematic review , 2004, BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[43]  M. Kivimäki,et al.  Temporary employment and risk of overall and cause-specific mortality. , 2003, American journal of epidemiology.

[44]  D. Baird,et al.  Influence of Medical Conditions and Lifestyle Factors on the Menstrual Cycle , 2002, Epidemiology.

[45]  Mia Son.  The Relationships of Occupational Class Educational Level and Deprivation with Mortality in Korea , 2002 .