Nanofiber-net-binary structured membranes for highly sensitive detection of trace HCl gas.

This work describes the detection of trace hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas through analyses of the resonance frequency signal from quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors coated with polyaniline (PANI) functionalized polyamide 6 (PA 6) (PANI-PA 6) nanofiber-net-binary (NNB) structured membranes. The PA 6 NNB substrate comprising nanofibers and spider-web-like nano-nets fabricated by a versatile electro-spinning/netting (ESN) process offered an ideal interface for the uniform PANI functionalization and enhanced sensing performance. Benefiting from the large specific surface area, high porosity, and strong adhesive force to the QCM electrode of the PANI-PA 6 NNB membranes, the developed HCl-selective sensors exhibited a rapid response, good reproducibility and stability, and low detection limit (7 ppb) at room temperature. Additionally, the PANI-PA 6 NNB sensing membranes presented visible color changes upon cycled exposure to HCl and ammonia, suggesting their potential application in the development of colorimetric sensors. The PANI-PA 6 NNB coated QCM sensors are considered to be a promising candidate for trace HCl gas detection in practical applications.

[1]  Y. Sadaoka,et al.  Development of an eco-friendly optical sensor element based on tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives dispersed in biodegradable polymer: Effects of substituents of tetraphenylporphyrins on HCl detection and biodegradation , 2005 .

[2]  R. Spretz,et al.  Use of Coaxial Gas Jackets to Stabilize Taylor Cones of Volatile Solutions and to Induce Particle‐to‐Fiber Transitions , 2004 .

[3]  Bin Ding,et al.  Formation of novel 2D polymer nanowebs via electrospinning , 2006 .

[4]  G. Sauerbrey,et al.  Use of quartz vibration for weighing thin films on a microbalance , 1959 .

[5]  B. Ding,et al.  Nanofibrous polyethyleneimine membranes as sensitive coatings for quartz crystal microbalance-based formaldehyde sensors , 2010 .

[6]  Masanobu Matsuguchi,et al.  Poly(acrylamide) derivatives for QCM-based HCl gas sensor applications , 2008 .

[7]  Bin Ding,et al.  Electrospun nanomaterials for ultrasensitive sensors , 2010, Materials Today.

[8]  Q. Xue,et al.  NH3 and HCl sensing characteristics of polyaniline nanofibers deposited on commercial ceramic substrates using interfacial polymerization , 2010 .

[9]  B. Ding,et al.  Engineering biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces of electrospun nanomaterials , 2011 .

[10]  Masanobu Matsuguchi,et al.  HCl gas monitoring based on a QCM using morpholine-functional styrene-co-chloromethylstyrene copolymer coatings , 2007 .

[11]  Fredrik Höök,et al.  Synchronized quartz crystal microbalance and nanoplasmonic sensing of biomolecular recognition reactions. , 2008, ACS nano.

[12]  Gue-Wuu Hwang,et al.  Water-Soluble Self-Acid-Doped Conducting Polyaniline: Structure and Properties , 1995 .

[13]  Junhui He,et al.  CuO nanostructures as quartz crystal microbalance sensing layers for detection of trace hydrogen cyanide gas. , 2011, Environmental science & technology.

[14]  A. T. Johnson,et al.  Electrostatically-generated nanofibers of electronic polymers , 2001 .

[15]  Hyung-Sub Kang,et al.  Preparation of polyamide-6/chitosan composite nanofibers by a single solvent system via electrospinning for biomedical applications. , 2011, Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces.

[16]  Yang Li,et al.  Polyaniline nanofiber humidity sensor prepared by electrospinning , 2012 .

[17]  B. H. Weiller,et al.  Polyaniline nanofibers: facile synthesis and chemical sensors. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[18]  Guisheng Yang,et al.  Synthesis and properties of hydroxyapatite nanorod‐reinforced polyamide 6 nanocomposites , 2009 .

[19]  P. Tripathi,et al.  Preparation and characterization of vacuum deposited semiconducting nanocrystalline polymeric thin film sensors for detection of HCl , 2004 .

[20]  Kwangsok Kim,et al.  Structure and process relationship of electrospun bioabsorbable nanofiber membranes , 2002 .

[21]  E. Zampetti,et al.  Nanofibrous PANI-based conductive polymers for trace gas analysis , 2011 .

[22]  Jiaqiang Xu,et al.  Amine-functionalized SBA-15 with uniform morphology and well-defined mesostructure for highly sensitive chemosensors to detect formaldehyde vapor. , 2012, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[23]  Yen Wei,et al.  One-dimensional composite nanomaterials: synthesis by electrospinning and their applications. , 2009, Small.

[24]  B. Lindsey,et al.  Multilayer polypeptide nanoscale coatings incorporating IL-12 for the prevention of biomedical device-associated infections. , 2009, Biomaterials.

[25]  Partha Pratim Sengupta,et al.  Polyaniline as a Gas-Sensor Material , 2006 .

[26]  Ryutaro Maeda,et al.  Sensing of Vaporous Organic Compounds by TiO2 Porous Films Covered with Polythiophene Layers , 2012 .

[27]  Bin Ding,et al.  Polyamide 6 composite nano-fiber/net functionalized by polyethyleneimine on quartz crystal microbalance for highly sensitive formaldehyde sensors , 2011 .

[28]  G. Sauerbrey.  Verwendung von Schwingquarzen zur Wägung dünner Schichten und zur Mikrowägung , 1959 .

[29]  Bin Ding,et al.  Electro-netting: fabrication of two-dimensional nano-nets for highly sensitive trimethylamine sensing. , 2011, Nanoscale.

[30]  J. Warner,et al.  Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanocrystals@graphene composites for energy storage devices , 2011 .

[31]  Charles R. Martin,et al.  Template Synthesis of Electronically Conductive Polymer Nanostructures , 1995 .

[32]  Xujie Yang,et al.  Electropolymerized Multilayer Conducting Polymers with Response to Gaseous Hydrogen Chloride , 2005 .

[33]  J. Campbell Scott.  Conducting Polymers: From Novel Science to New Technology , 1997, Science.

[34]  H. Fong,et al.  Continuous nanoscale carbon fibers with superior mechanical strength. , 2009, Small.

[35]  H. Bagheri,et al.  Polyaniline-nylon-6 electrospun nanofibers for headspace adsorptive microextraction. , 2012, Analytica chimica acta.

[36]  M. Meyyappan,et al.  Carbon Nanotube Sensors for Gas and Organic Vapor Detection , 2003 .

[37]  Nagy L. Torad,et al.  Quartz crystal microbalance sensor for detection of aliphatic amines vapours , 2010 .

[38]  Jian Gong,et al.  Polyaniline Nanotubes Prepared Using Fiber Mats Membrane as the Template and their Gas-response Behavior , 2008 .

[39]  Bin Ding,et al.  Biomimicry via Electrospinning , 2012 .

[40]  Gang Sun,et al.  Obituary notices of fellows deceased , 1852 .

[42]  A. Saha,et al.  Spectroscopic investigation of iron salts doped polyaniline , 2009 .

[43]  Chun-Guey Wu,et al.  Conducting Polyaniline Filaments in a Mesoporous Channel Host , 1994, Science.

[44]  J. Hlavay,et al.  Detection of hydrogen chloride gas in ambient air with a coated piezoelectric quartz crystal , 1978 .

[45]  Richard B. Kaner,et al.  Polyaniline Nanofiber Gas Sensors: Examination of Response Mechanisms , 2004 .

[46]  Soon Ho Chang,et al.  Symmetric redox supercapacitor with conducting polyaniline electrodes , 2002 .

[47]  Na Wang,et al.  Tunable fabrication of three-dimensional polyamide-66 nano-fiber/nets for high efficiency fine particulate filtration , 2012 .

[48]  M. Matsuguchi,et al.  Properties and stability of polyaniline nanofiber ammonia sensors fabricated by novel on-substrate method , 2011 .

[49]  Nicola Donato,et al.  Highly sensitive ammonia resistive sensor based on electrospun V2O5 fibers , 2012 .

[50]  Bin Ding,et al.  Label-free ultrasensitive colorimetric detection of copper(II) ions utilizing polyaniline/polyamide-6 nano-fiber/net sensor strips , 2011 .

[51]  Kit S Lam,et al.  Well-defined, reversible boronate crosslinked nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery in response to acidic pH values and cis-diols. , 2012, Angewandte Chemie.

[52]  Zhiyong Fan,et al.  Recent advances in synthesis, physical properties and applications of conducting polymer nanotubes and nanofibers , 2011 .

[53]  Bin Ding,et al.  Highly sensitive humidity sensors based on electro-spinning/netting a polyamide 6 nano-fiber/net modified by polyethyleneimine , 2011 .