Numerical Modelling Techniques for Wave Energy Converters in Arrays

Wave and tidal renewable energy systems have received a great deal of attention in recent years worldwide. A number of Wave Energy Converter (WEC) technologies to harvest wave energy have been proposed, developed, tested and in operation in ocean at different parts of the globe with varying maturity levels. Over the past two decades, a broad range of academic research output has emerged, covering topics that include numerical and physical modelling of WEC arrays systems. However, to date, there have only been limited examples of WEC array installations, and these have been small in terms of the number of devices. Many developments in the future will focus on arrays of devices, as such an improved understanding of how arrays can be modelled is essential. This article attempts to describe the numerical modelling techniques used to study the hydrodynamic interaction of WEC arrays. An understanding of these techniques is necessary for not only device developers and researchers, but also for authorities, investors, insurers and other stakeholders. Such work will provide evidence for the expected energy output, control requirements, array configurations and to evaluate any environmental impact the array deployments may have on the ocean environment.