An epidemiological study of Cryptosporidium infection in dairy calves on selected dairy farms of central Ethiopia

Une etude croisee a ete menee entre septembre 2004 et mars 2005 dans 40 fermes situees au centre de l'Ethiopie afin de determiner la prevalence, les especes impliquees et les facteurs de risque associees a l'infection par Cryptosporidium. Des prelevements de faeces ont ete recoltes sur 580 veaux de moins de 12 mois et la recherche des oocystes de Cryptosporidium a ete realisee selon la technique de centrifugation fecale utilisant une solution concentree de saccharose. Une coloration specifique a ete utilisee pour renforcer le contraste et faciliter la reconnaissance des levures, qui peuvent gener la lecture. Le niveau de prevalence de l'infection s'est revele etre de 17,6%. Sur les 40 fermes etudiees, 26 (65%) avaient un ou plusieurs veaux infestes. Dans cette etude, l'espece de Cryptosporidium observee semble etre Cryptosporidium andersoni, si on se base sur la morphologie des oocystes et certaines particularites epidemiologiques du parasite. L'infection n'est pas significativement associee a la diarrhee (p>0,05). Le parasite a ete retrouve chez les animaux d'âge variable, allant de 21 a 345 jours. Parmi les facteurs de risque etudies, l'hygiene des etables semble le facteur le plus important associe a la probabilite de l'infection (p<0,05).

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