Insecticidal potential of traditionally important plant, Zanthoxylum armatum DC (Rutaceae) against cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus)

Cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus) is one of the most destructive pests of brassicaceous crops. Zanthoxylum armatum DC (Rutaceae) is versatile, traditionally important and edible medicinal plant, known to have insect repellent and larvicidal properties against many pests. Thus, the insecticidal potential of Z. armatum was evaluated against P. brassicae. N-hexane fraction of different plant parts of Z. armatum was extracted by using standard Soxhlet extraction method. Median lethal concentrations and time (LC50 and LT50) were determined by contact and oral toxicity tests by using Probit analysis. Pericarp and leaf extracts were found toxic to the caterpillars by contact. LC50’s of pericarp and leaf extract (by contact) was found to be 0.15% and 0.22%, respectively at 72 h. The relative toxicity of pericarp extract was recorded to be 1.50, when Azadirachtin 0.15 EC was considered as a unit. With sub-lethal concentrations, the developmental time was delayed; while percentage of pupation and adult emergence was significantly affected in treated caterpillars. In semi-field study, egg-laying of the female butterfly was significantly reduced and larval mortality was considerably higher (up to 53.33%) within 72 h after treatment in plants treated with Z. armatum extracts. In field trial, significant reduction (67.92%) in larval population was observed within 5 days of spraying of Z. armatum extracts.

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