Automated Valuation Models

Traditional fee appraisers have welcomed the computer technology of databases, spreadsheets, and word processing. Even further, they have welcomed appraisal software which has reduced the clerical element of writing appraisal reports. However, the basic methods they follow in estimating value have not changed much in some time. In contrast, over the same period, assessors have quietly yet radically changed their valuation technology through application of computer aided mass assessment (CAMA) techniques. These techniques have improved the accuracy of mass appraisals while reducing their cost. As the price of computer power and automated data collection spirals downwards, could the application of CAMA techniques supplant traditional appraisal in other settings?1

[1]  W. W. Muir,et al.  Regression Diagnostics: Identifying Influential Data and Sources of Collinearity , 1980 .

[2]  Edward E. Leamer,et al.  Specification Searches: Ad Hoc Inference with Nonexperimental Data , 1980 .

[3]  R. Dubin Spatial autocorrelation and neighborhood quality , 1992 .

[4]  Ay se Can,et al.  Spatial Dependence and House Price Index Construction , 1997 .

[5]  Otis W. Gilley,et al.  Using the Spatial Configuration of the Data to Improve Estimation , 1997 .

[6]  Margarita M. Lenk,et al.  An Exploration of Neural Networks and Its Application to Real Estate Valuation , 1995 .

[7]  S. Weisberg,et al.  Residuals and Influence in Regression , 1982 .

[8]  R. Kelley Pace,et al.  Generalizing the OLS and Grid Estimators , 1998 .

[9]  James P. LeSage,et al.  Spatial Statistics and Real Estate , 2004 .

[10]  G. Judge,et al.  The Theory and Practice of Econometrics (2nd ed.). , 1986 .

[11]  Carlo Bagnoli,et al.  The Theory of Fuzzy Logic and its Application to Real Estate Valuation , 1998 .

[12]  Peter J. Rousseeuw,et al.  Robust regression and outlier detection , 1987 .

[13]  Noel A Cressie,et al.  Statistics for Spatial Data, Revised Edition. , 1994 .

[14]  R. Pace,et al.  Spatial Autoregression Techniques for Real Estate Data , 1999 .

[15]  Robert Tibshirani,et al.  [Neural Networks: A Review from Statistical Perspective]: Comment , 1994 .

[16]  Noel A Cressie,et al.  Statistics for Spatial Data. , 1992 .

[17]  R. Pace,et al.  Sparse spatial autoregressions , 1997 .

[18]  Stanley McGreal,et al.  Neural networks: the prediction of residential values , 1998 .

[19]  Peter Byrne,et al.  Fuzzy analysis: A vague way of dealing with uncertainty in real estate analysis? , 1995 .

[20]  Bradford Case,et al.  On Choosing Among House Price Index Methodologies , 1991 .

[21]  Ronald P. Barry,et al.  Spatiotemporal Autoregressive Models of Neighborhood Effects , 1998 .

[22]  G. Judge,et al.  The Theory and Practice of Econometrics , 1981 .

[23]  Aysegul Can Specification and estimation of hedonic housing price models , 1992 .

[24]  Arnold Zellner,et al.  Bayesian analysis in econometrics , 1988 .

[25]  Alan E. Gelfand,et al.  Analyzing Real Estate Data Problems Using the Gibbs Sampler , 1998 .

[26]  D. Ricardo On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation , 1891 .

[27]  Otis W. Gilley,et al.  Improving Hedonic Estimation with an Inequality Restricted Estimator , 1995 .

[28]  Piero P. Bonissone,et al.  Financial applications of fuzzy case-based reasoning to residential property valuation , 1997, Proceedings of 6th International Fuzzy Systems Conference.

[29]  R. Haining DIAGNOSTICS FOR REGRESSION MODELING IN SPATIAL ECONOMETRICS , 1994 .

[30]  R. Dubin Estimation of Regression Coefficients in the Presence of Spatially Autocorrelated Error Terms , 1988 .

[31]  R. Pace Relative performance of the grid, nearest neighbor, and OLS estimators , 1996 .

[32]  R. Pace Appraisal Using Generalized Additive Models , 1998 .

[33]  D. M. Titterington,et al.  Neural Networks: A Review from a Statistical Perspective , 1994 .

[34]  C. F. Sirmans,et al.  Estimating Capital Asset Price Indexes , 1997, Review of Economics and Statistics.

[35]  Scott E. Atkinson,et al.  A Bayesian approach to assessing the robustness of hedonic property value studies , 1987 .

[36]  Jeanne S. Ringel,et al.  Can Higher Cigarette Taxes Improve Birth Outcomes? , 1997 .

[37]  Allen C. Goodman,et al.  Dwelling Age Heteroskedasticity in Repeat Sales House Price Equations , 1998 .

[38]  Leo Breiman,et al.  [Neural Networks: A Review from Statistical Perspective]: Comment , 1994 .

[39]  Stephen E. Fienberg,et al.  Studies in Bayesian econometrics and statistics : in honor of Leonard J. Savage , 1975 .

[40]  S. Atkinson,et al.  THE EXCHANGEABILITY OF HEDONIC PROPERTY PRICE STUDIES , 1992 .

[41]  Gene H. Golub,et al.  Matrix computations , 1983 .

[42]  J. Richard,et al.  Specification Searches: Ad Hoc Inference with Nonexperimental Data , 1980 .

[43]  R. Tibshirani,et al.  Varying‐Coefficient Models , 1993 .

[44]  Mark G. Dotzour Quantifying Estimation Bias in Residential Appraisal , 1988 .

[45]  David Eppstein,et al.  On Nearest-Neighbor Graphs , 1992, ICALP.