Super Resolution Laser Radar with Blinking Atmospheric Particles - Application to Interacting Flying Insects

Assessment of biodiversity of pollinators on the landscape scale or estimation of fluxes of disease-transmitting biting midges constitutes a major technical challenge today. We have developed a laser-radar system for field entomology based on the so called Scheimpflug principle and a continuouswave laser. The sample-rate of this method is unconstrained by the round-trip time of the light, and the method allows assessment of the fast oscillatory insect wing-beats and harmonics over kilometers range, e.g., for species identification and relating abundances to the topography. Whereas range resolution in conventional lidars is limited by the pulse duration, systems of the Scheimpflug type are limited by the diffraction of the telescopes. However, in the case of sparse occurrence of the atmospheric insects, where the optical cross-section oscillates, estimation of the range and spacing between individuals with a precision beyond the diffraction limit is now demonstrated. This enables studies of insect interaction processes in-situ.

[1]  Lei Shi,et al.  Iridescence in the neck feathers of domestic pigeons. , 2006, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[2]  A. Schawlow,et al.  High-contrast Doppler-free transmission spectroscopy. , 1986, Optics letters.

[3]  M. Kudenov,et al.  On the Exploitation of Mid-infrared Iridescence of Plumage for Remote Classification of Nocturnal Migrating Birds , 2013, Applied spectroscopy.

[4]  H. H. E. Jayaweera,et al.  Rare Events in Remote Dark-Field Spectroscopy: An Ecological Case Study of Insects , 2012, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[5]  S. Hell,et al.  Breaking the diffraction resolution limit by stimulated emission: stimulated-emission-depletion fluorescence microscopy. , 1994, Optics letters.

[6]  Michael J Rust,et al.  Sub-diffraction-limit imaging by stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) , 2006, Nature Methods.

[7]  J. Lippincott-Schwartz,et al.  Imaging Intracellular Fluorescent Proteins at Nanometer Resolution , 2006, Science.

[8]  Nathan Seldomridge,et al.  Polarization lidar measurements of honey bees in flight for locating land mines. , 2005, Optics express.

[9]  Magnus Elmqvist,et al.  Evaluation of biological aerosol stand-off detection at a field trial , 2009, Security + Defence.

[10]  S. Combes,et al.  Linking biomechanics and ecology through predator–prey interactions: flight performance of dragonflies and their prey , 2012, Journal of Experimental Biology.

[11]  Mark Bates,et al.  Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. , 2009, Annual review of biochemistry.

[13]  S. Hell.  Far-field optical nanoscopy , 2010 .

[14]  C. Löfstedt,et al.  Agricultural pest monitoring using fluorescence lidar techniques , 2012 .

[15]  Aubrey Moore,et al.  Automated Identification of Optically Sensed Aphid (Homoptera: Aphidae) Wingbeat Waveforms , 2002 .

[16]  S. Hell,et al.  Subdiffraction resolution in far-field fluorescence microscopy. , 1999, Optics letters.

[17]  T. Hänsch,et al.  Saturation spectroscopy for optically thick atomic samples , 1987 .

[18]  Otso Ovaskainen,et al.  Tracking butterfly movements with harmonic radar reveals an effect of population age on movement distance , 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[19]  K. Repasky,et al.  Field demonstration of a scanning lidar and detection algorithm for spatially mapping honeybees for biological detection of land mines. , 2011, Applied optics.

[20]  F. Dowell,et al.  Infrared Absorption Characteristics of Culicoides sonorensis in Relation to Insect Age , 2014 .

[21]  M. Brydegaard,et al.  Insect monitoring with fluorescence lidar techniques: field experiments. , 2010, Applied optics.

[22]  Don R. Reynolds,et al.  Radar Entomology: Observing Insect Flight and Migration , 2013 .

[23]  A. Brodin,et al.  A ROLE FOR LEARNING IN POPULATION DIVERGENCE OF MATE PREFERENCES , 2010, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[24]  K. Kaissling,et al.  Die Riechschwelle des Seidenspinners , 2004, Naturwissenschaften.

[25]  J. Biesmeijer,et al.  Global pollinator declines: trends, impacts and drivers. , 2010, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[26]  François Blais.  Review of 20 years of range sensor development , 2004, J. Electronic Imaging.

[27]  Agenor Mafra-Neto,et al.  SIGKDD demo: sensors and software to allow computational entomology, an emerging application of data mining , 2011, KDD.

[28]  Albert Ansmann,et al.  Scanning 6-Wavelength 11-Channel Aerosol Lidar , 2000 .

[29]  D. Janzen,et al.  Stable structural color patterns displayed on transparent insect wings , 2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[30]  G. Killeen,et al.  Non-destructive determination of age and species of Anopheles gambiae s.l. using near-infrared spectroscopy. , 2009, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[31]  Paul Gepts,et al.  Long-distance pollen flow assessment through evaluation of pollinator foraging range suggests transgene escape distances , 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[32]  T. Bedding,et al.  The excitation of solar-like oscillations in a δ Sct star by efficient envelope convection , 2011, Nature.