Insulin resistance and risk factors for coronary heart disease.

[1]  M. Shipley,et al.  CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE RISK AND IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE The Whitehall Study , 1980, The Lancet.

[2]  G. Reaven,et al.  Inhibition of carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridemia by a disaccharidase inhibitor. , 1981, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[3]  G. Reaven,et al.  Role of insulin in regulation of lipoprotein metabolism in diabetes. , 1988, Diabetes/metabolism reviews.

[4]  G. Reaven,et al.  Abnormalities of insulin and lipid metabolism in Milan hypertensive rats. , 1991, American journal of hypertension.

[5]  G. Reaven,et al.  Evidence of abnormalities of insulin metabolism in rats with spontaneous hypertension. , 1988, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[6]  G. Reaven,et al.  A Comparison of the Relative Effects of Obesity and Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus on In Vivo Insulin-stimulated Glucose Utilization , 1984, Diabetes.

[7]  G. Reaven,et al.  Role of insulin in endogenous hypertriglyceridemia. , 1967, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[8]  G. Reaven,et al.  Reappraisal of the role of insulin in hypertriglyceridemia. , 1974, The American journal of medicine.

[9]  G. Reaven,et al.  Somatostatin Inhibition of Fructose‐Induced Hypertension , 1989, Hypertension.

[10]  R. Krauss,et al.  The tangled web of coronary risk factors. , 1991, The American journal of medicine.

[11]  M. Alessi,et al.  Metformin Decreases the High Plasminogen Activator Inhibition Capacity, Plasma Insulin and Triglyceride Levels in Non-Diabetic Obese Subjects , 1987, Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

[12]  D R Jacobs,et al.  High density lipoprotein cholesterol as a predictor of cardiovascular disease mortality in men and women: the follow-up study of the Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study. , 1990, American journal of epidemiology.

[13]  W C Willett,et al.  Low-density lipoprotein subclass patterns and risk of myocardial infarction. , 1988, JAMA.

[14]  T. Nilsson,et al.  The extrinsic fibrinolytic system in survivors of myocardial infarction. , 1987, Thrombosis research.

[15]  C. Jones,et al.  Hyperinsulinaemia and microvascular angina ("syndrome X") , 1991, The Lancet.

[16]  G. Reaven,et al.  Nonketotic diabetes mellitus: insulin deficiency or insulin resistance? , 1976, The American journal of medicine.

[17]  G. Reaven,et al.  Attenuation of Fructose‐Induced Hypertension in Rats by Exercise Training , 1988, Hypertension.

[18]  P. Vague,et al.  Increased Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Activity in Non Insulin Dependent Diabetic Patients – Relationship with Plasma Insulin , 1989, Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

[19]  F. Werf,et al.  Plasminogen activator inhibitor in the blood of patients with coronary artery disease. , 1985, British medical journal.

[20]  T. Welborn,et al.  Coronary Heart Disease Incidence and Cardiovascular Mortality in Busselton with Reference to Glucose and Insulin Concentrations , 1979, Diabetes Care.

[21]  J. Wyngaarden,et al.  Gout and hyperuricemia , 1976 .

[22]  G. Reaven,et al.  Demonstration of insulin resistance in untreated adult onset diabetic subjects with fasting hyperglycemia. , 1975, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[23]  G. Reaven,et al.  Insulin and blood pressure in obesity. , 1985, Hypertension.

[24]  A. Kissebah,et al.  Relation of Body Fat Distribution to Metabolic Complications of Obesity , 1982 .

[25]  J. Selby,et al.  Concordance for dyslipidemic hypertension in male twins. , 1991, JAMA.

[26]  J. Haddow,et al.  Cigarette smoking and serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations: an analysis of published data. , 1989, BMJ.

[27]  J. Holloszy,et al.  Improvement in Glucose Tolerance After 1 Wk of Exercise in Patients With Mild NIDDM , 1988, Diabetes Care.

[28]  G. Reaven,et al.  Relationship between blood pressure, plasma insulin and triglyceride concentration, and insulin action in spontaneous hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats. , 1991, American journal of hypertension.

[29]  G. Reaven,et al.  Resistance to Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Adipocytes Isolated From Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats , 1989, Diabetes.

[30]  P. Lönnroth,et al.  Increased insulin resistance and fat cell lipolysis in obese but not lean women with a high waist/hip ratio , 1990, European journal of clinical investigation.

[31]  S. Haffner,et al.  Incidence of Type II Diabetes in Mexican Americans Predicted by Fasting Insulin and Glucose Levels, Obesity, and Body-Fat Distribution , 1990, Diabetes.

[32]  G. Reaven,et al.  Effect of physical activity on age-related glucose intolerance. , 1990, Clinics in geriatric medicine.

[33]  J. Gris,et al.  Impact of Physical Training on Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Activity in Sedentary Men , 1990 .

[34]  T. Kotchen,et al.  Insulin resistance and blood pressure in Dahl rats and in one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats. , 1991, The American journal of physiology.

[35]  W. Haskell,et al.  Demonstration of a Relationship Between Level of Physical Training and Insulin-stimulated Glucose Utilization in Normal Humans , 1983, Diabetes.

[36]  G. Reaven,et al.  Evidence for an independent relationship between insulin resistance and fasting plasma HDL‐cholesterol, triglyceride and insulin concentrations , 1992, Journal of internal medicine.

[37]  G. Reaven,et al.  Relationship between insulin resistance, insulin secretion, very low density lipoprotein kinetics, and plasma triglyceride levels in normotriglyceridemic man. , 1981, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[38]  M. Laakso,et al.  Insulin resistance is associated with lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities in subjects with varying degrees of glucose tolerance. , 1990, Arteriosclerosis.

[39]  E. Barrett-Connor,et al.  Is borderline fasting hyperglycemia a risk factor for cardiovascular death? , 1984, Journal of chronic diseases.

[40]  G. Reaven,et al.  Abnormalities of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Dahl Rats , 1991, Hypertension.

[41]  G. Reaven,et al.  Insulin resistance and cigarette smoking , 1992, The Lancet.

[42]  F. Epstein,et al.  The relationship of serum uric acid to risk factors in coronary heart disease. , 1968, The American journal of medicine.

[43]  N. Kaplan.  The Deadly Quartet: Upper-Body Obesity, Glucose Intolerance, Hypertriglyceridemia, and Hypertension , 1989 .

[44]  T. Welborn,et al.  Serum-insulin in essential hypertension and in peripheral vascular disease. , 1966, Lancet.

[45]  F. España,et al.  Influence of a rehabilitation sports programme on the fibrinolytic activity of patients after myocardial infarction. , 1989, Thrombosis research.

[46]  M. Laakso,et al.  Asymptomatic atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. , 1991, Arteriosclerosis and thrombosis : a journal of vascular biology.

[47]  A. King,et al.  Relation of fasting plasma insulin concentration to high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in men. , 1991, Arteriosclerosis and thrombosis : a journal of vascular biology.

[48]  S. Rahimtoola,et al.  Impaired fibrinolysis in coronary artery disease. , 1988, American heart journal.

[49]  P. Björntorp,et al.  Effects of physical training on glucose tolerance, plasma insulin and lipids and on body composition in men after myocardial infarction. , 2009, Acta medica Scandinavica.

[50]  R. Sicree,et al.  Plasma Insulin Response Among Nauruans: Prediction of Deterioration in Glucose Tolerance Over 6 Yr , 1987, Diabetes.

[51]  G. Reaven,et al.  Sucrose-induced insulin resistance in the rat: modulation by exercise and diet. , 1983, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[52]  G. Reaven,et al.  Effects of sulfonylurea therapy on insulin binding to mononuclear leukocytes of diabetic patients. , 1976, The American journal of medicine.

[53]  A. Krolewski,et al.  Slow glucose removal rate and hyperinsulinemia precede the development of type II diabetes in the offspring of diabetic parents. , 1990, Annals of internal medicine.

[54]  M. Gertler,et al.  Serum uric acid in relation to age and physique in health and in coronary heart disease. , 1951, Annals of internal medicine.

[55]  E. Ferrannini,et al.  Evidence for an association of high blood pressure and hyperinsulinemia in obese man. , 1986, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[56]  F. España,et al.  Plasminogen activator inhibitor activity and other fibrinolytic variables in patients with coronary artery disease. , 1988, British heart journal.

[57]  C. Berne,et al.  Insulin resistance is a characteristic feature of primary hypertension independent of obesity. , 1990, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[58]  Y. D. Chen,et al.  Comparison of the Effects of Differences in Ratio of Waist to Hip Girth and Body Mass Index on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Chinese Females , 1990, Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme.

[59]  L. Sjöström,et al.  The effect of physical training on insulin production in obesity. , 1970, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[60]  G. Reaven,et al.  Relationship between resistance to insulin-mediated glucose uptake, urinary uric acid clearance, and plasma uric acid concentration. , 1991, JAMA.

[61]  G. Reaven,et al.  Studies of the mechanism of fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemia in the rat. , 1982, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[62]  G. Reaven,et al.  Renal vascular hypertension does not lead to hyperinsulinemia in Sprague-Dawley rats. , 1992, American journal of hypertension.

[63]  R. Mulroy.  General practitioner and long term care of patients with a spinal injury. , 1985, British medical journal.

[64]  E. Ferrannini,et al.  Insulin resistance in essential hypertension. , 1987, The New England journal of medicine.

[65]  R. Stenling,et al.  Reduction of Elevated Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Levels During Modest Weight Loss , 1989 .

[66]  H. Kemp.  Left ventricular function in patients with the anginal syndrome and normal coronary arteriograms. , 1973, The American journal of cardiology.

[67]  S. Lillioja,et al.  Relationships Between Plasma Lipoprotein Concentrations and Insulin Action in an Obese Hyperinsulinemic Population , 1987, Diabetes.

[68]  A. Fontbonne,et al.  Risk Factors for NIDDM in White Population: Paris Prospective Study , 1991, Diabetes.

[69]  G. Reaven,et al.  Insulin Insensitivity in Offspring of Parents with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus , 1990, Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association.

[70]  D. Reed,et al.  Postchallenge Glucose Concentration and Coronary Heart Disease in Men of Japanese Ancestry: Honolulu Heart Program , 1987, Diabetes.

[71]  D. Gordon,et al.  High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Four prospective American studies. , 1989, Circulation.

[72]  Reaven Gm,et al.  Effect of in vivo plasma insulin levels on the relationship between perfusate free fatty acid concentration and triglyceride secretion by perfused rat livers. , 1984 .

[73]  G. Reaven,et al.  Ability of exercise to inhibit carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridemia in rats. , 1981, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[74]  G. Reaven,et al.  Insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia in nondiabetic relatives of patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. , 1989, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[75]  A. Golay,et al.  High density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: measurement of HDL turnover using tritiated HDL. , 1987, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[76]  P. Bennett,et al.  SEQUENTIAL CHANGES IN SERUM INSULIN CONCENTRATION DURING DEVELOPMENT OF NON-INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES , 1989, The Lancet.

[77]  M. Blombäck,et al.  Increased plasma levels of a rapid inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator in young survivors of myocardial infarction. , 1985, The New England journal of medicine.

[78]  G. Reaven,et al.  Variations in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in healthy individuals with normal glucose tolerance. , 1987, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[79]  B. Klein,et al.  Serum Uric Acid: Its Relationship to Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease, Evans County, Georgia , 1973 .

[80]  P. Raskin,et al.  Relationship between lipoprotein levels and in vivo insulin action in normal young white men. , 1988, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[81]  S. Lillioja,et al.  In Vivo Insulin Action Is Familial Characteristic in Nondiabetic Pima Indians , 1987, Diabetes.

[82]  T. Saldeen,et al.  Plasma tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor levels in coronary artery disease: correlation with age and serum triglyceride concentrations. , 1987, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[83]  G. Reaven,et al.  Plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in Chinese males with coronary artery disease, with and without hypertension. , 1987, Atherosclerosis.

[84]  R. Mueller,et al.  Glucose metabolism in obesity: influence of body fat distribution. , 1988, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[85]  S. Haffner,et al.  Cardiovascular risk factors in confirmed prediabetic individuals. Does the clock for coronary heart disease start ticking before the onset of clinical diabetes? , 1990, JAMA.

[86]  M. Harris.  Impaired Glucose Tolerance in the U. S. Population , 1989, Diabetes Care.

[87]  G. Heath,et al.  Effects of exercise and lack of exercise on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. , 1983, Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology.

[88]  A. Pezzarossa,et al.  Evidence for an independent relationship between plasma insulin and concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride. , 1985, Atherosclerosis.

[89]  G. Reaven,et al.  Effects of weight reduction on obesity. Studies of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in normal and hyperlipoproteinemic subjects. , 1974, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[90]  G. Reaven.  Role of Insulin Resistance in Human Disease , 1988, Diabetes.

[91]  G. Reaven,et al.  Sugar-induced hypertension in Sprague-Dawley rats. , 1991, American journal of hypertension.

[92]  D. Thelle,et al.  THE TROMSØHEART-STUDY HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN AND CORONARY HEART-DISEASE: A PROSPECTIVE CASE-CONTROL STUDY , 1977, The Lancet.

[93]  K. Huber,et al.  Circadian Fluctuations of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor and Tissue Plasminogen Activator Levels in Plasma of Patients with Unstable Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Myocardial Infarction , 1988, Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

[94]  M. Blombäck,et al.  PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR IN PLASMA: RISK FACTOR FOR RECURRENT MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION , 1987, The Lancet.

[95]  G. Reaven,et al.  Study of the Relationship Between Glucose and Insulin Responses to an Oral Glucose Load in Man , 1968, Diabetes.

[96]  R. DeFronzo,et al.  Effect of Physical Training on Insulin Action in Obesity , 1987, Diabetes.

[97]  H. Halkin,et al.  Hyperinsulinemia. A link between hypertension obesity and glucose intolerance. , 1985, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[98]  U. Smith,et al.  Importance of obesity for the metabolic abnormalities associated with an abdominal fat distribution. , 1989, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[99]  H. Keen,et al.  Glucose tolerance and blood pressure in two population samples: their relation to diabetes mellitus and hypertension. , 1978, International journal of epidemiology.

[100]  G. Reaven,et al.  Insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia in patients with hypertension. , 1989, American journal of hypertension.

[101]  W. Haskell,et al.  Improved insulin action in muscle, liver, and adipose tissue in physically trained human subjects. , 1987, The American journal of physiology.

[102]  T. Rosenthal,et al.  Insulin resistance in secondary hypertension. , 1992, American journal of hypertension.

[103]  L. Sechi,et al.  Insulinemia and blood pressure. Relationships in patients with primary and secondary hypertension, and with or without glucose metabolism impairment. , 1990, American journal of hypertension.

[104]  L. Groop,et al.  Early metabolic defects in persons at increased risk for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. , 1989, The New England journal of medicine.

[105]  B. Hurley,et al.  Effects of endurance training on glucose tolerance and plasma lipid levels in older men and women. , 1984, JAMA.

[106]  A. Lusis,et al.  Dietary regulation of fibrinolytic factors. , 1990, Atherosclerosis.

[107]  U. Smith,et al.  Elevated fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI‐1) in hypertension are related to metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease , 1990, Journal of internal medicine.

[108]  R G Hoffmann,et al.  Relationship of body fat topography to insulin sensitivity and metabolic profiles in premenopausal women. , 1984, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[109]  R. Bergman,et al.  Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Action in Rats With Renovascular Hypertension , 1991, Hypertension.

[110]  G. Reaven,et al.  Fructose-induced insulin resistance and hypertension in rats. , 1987, Hypertension.

[111]  W. Haskell,et al.  Effect of Habitual Physical Activity on Regulation of Insulin‐stimulated Glucose Disposal in Older Males , 1985, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[112]  R. DeFronzo,et al.  Insulin binding to monocytes and insulin action in human obesity, starvation, and refeeding. , 1978, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[113]  R. Cannon,et al.  "Microvascular angina" as a cause of chest pain with angiographically normal coronary arteries. , 1988, The American journal of cardiology.