Substance use, suicidal ideation and attempts in children and adolescents.

Using data from a community sample of youth ( N = 1,458; ages 9-17), this study assessed the association between adolescent substance use/abuse and suicidal behaviors. Suicide attempts were strongly associated with alcohol abuse and dependence, followed by frequent cigarette smoking. The associations remained significant even after controlling for depression. The associations between substance use/abuse and suicidal ideation were no longer significant after controlling for depression. These findings highlight the important role that substance use plays in adolescent suicidal behaviors.

[1]  Denise B. Kandel,et al.  Issues of Sequencing of Adolescent Drug Use and Other Problem Behaviors , 1989 .

[2]  C. D’Arcy,et al.  Acne, depression, and suicide. , 2005, Dermatologic clinics.

[3]  C. Hoven,et al.  Association between Allergy and Anxiety Disorders in Youth , 2001, The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry.

[4]  R. Windle,et al.  An investigation of adolescents' substance use behaviors, depressed affect, and suicidal behaviors. , 1997, Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines.

[5]  M Davies,et al.  The NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version 2.3 (DISC-2.3): description, acceptability, prevalence rates, and performance in the MECA Study. Methods for the Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders Study. , 1996, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

[6]  Y. Kaminer.  ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE , 1986, Critical Issues in Psychiatry.

[7]  R. Wurtman,et al.  Effects of systemic nicotine on serotonin release in rat brain , 1993, Brain Research.

[8]  D. Kandel,et al.  Suicidal ideation in adolescence: Depression, substance use, and other risk factors , 1991, Journal of youth and adolescence.

[9]  G. Giovino,et al.  Epidemiology of tobacco use and dependence. , 1995, Epidemiologic reviews.

[10]  R. Schwartz,et al.  Suicide attempts among adolescent drug users. , 1990, American journal of diseases of children.

[11]  R. Catalano,et al.  Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: implications for substance abuse prevention. , 1992, Psychological bulletin.

[12]  E Y Deykin,et al.  Adolescent depression, alcohol and drug abuse. , 1987, American journal of public health.

[13]  D. Brent.  Suicide and suicidal behavior in children and adolescents. , 1989, Pediatrics in review.

[14]  J. Kalafat,et al.  Substance Abuse and Suicide: Promoting Resilience Against Self-Destructive Behavior in Youth , 1998 .

[15]  M. Weissman,et al.  The NIMH Methods for the Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders (MECA) Study: background and methodology. , 1996, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

[16]  G. Canino,et al.  Psychopathology associated with suicidal ideation and attempts among children and adolescents. , 1998, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

[17]  H. Wittchen,et al.  Comorbidity patterns in adolescents and young adults with suicide attempts , 1998, European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience.

[18]  M Linnoila,et al.  Brain serotonin, type II alcoholism and impulsive violence. , 1993, Journal of studies on alcohol. Supplement.

[19]  K. Yoshimoto,et al.  Ethanol enhances the release of dopamine and serotonin in the nucleus accumbens of HAD and LAD lines of rats. , 1992, Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research.

[20]  S. File,et al.  Nicotine regulates 5‐HT1A receptor gene expression in the cerebral cortex and dorsal hippocampus , 2001, The European journal of neuroscience.

[21]  A. Beck,et al.  Clinical predictors of eventual suicide: a 5- to 10-year prospective study of suicide attempters. , 1989, Journal of affective disorders.

[22]  M. Thase,et al.  Patterns of suicidality and alcohol use in alcoholics with major depression. , 1996, Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research.

[23]  D. Shaffer,et al.  The epidemiology of suicide in children and young adolescents. , 1981, Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry.

[24]  D. Kandel,et al.  Stages of progression in drug involvement from adolescence to adulthood: further evidence for the gateway theory. , 1992, Journal of studies on alcohol.

[25]  M. Linnoila,et al.  Alcoholism and suicide. , 1986, Suicide & life-threatening behavior.

[26]  David Shaffer,et al.  Youth suicide risk and preventive interventions: a review of the past 10 years. , 2003, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

[27]  M. Weissman,et al.  Family psychiatric screening instrument for epidemiologic studies: pilot testing and validation , 1995, Psychiatry Research.

[28]  J. C. Levy,et al.  Suicidality, depression, and substance abuse in adolescence. , 1989, The American journal of psychiatry.

[29]  G. Canino,et al.  Criterion validity of the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version 2.3 (DISC-2.3). , 1996, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

[30]  D. Brent,et al.  Risk factors for completed suicide among adolescents with a lifetime history of substance abuse: a case‐control study , 1993, Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica.

[31]  J. Lönnqvist,et al.  Mental disorders in adolescent suicide. DSM-III-R axes I and II diagnoses in suicides among 13- to 19-year-olds in Finland. , 1991, Archives of general psychiatry.

[32]  D. Shaffer,et al.  Psychiatric diagnosis in child and adolescent suicide. , 1996, Archives of general psychiatry.

[33]  E. Rimm,et al.  Cigarettes and suicide: a prospective study of 50,000 men. , 2000, American journal of public health.

[34]  K. Laere,et al.  Decreased frontal serotonin 5-HT2a receptor binding index in deliberate self-harm patients , 2001, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

[35]  R. Kessler,et al.  Prevalence of and risk factors for lifetime suicide attempts in the National Comorbidity Survey. , 1999, Archives of general psychiatry.

[36]  R. Mckeown,et al.  Aggression, substance use, and suicidal behaviors in high school students. , 1993, American journal of public health.

[37]  D. Balfour,et al.  The Effects of Nicotine on Neural Pathways Implicated in Depression A Factor in Nicotine Addiction? , 2000, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[38]  D. Brent,et al.  Risk factors for adolescent suicide and suicidal behavior: mental and substance abuse disorders, family environmental factors, and life stress. , 1995, Suicide & life-threatening behavior.

[39]  J. Lönnqvist,et al.  Mental disorders and comorbidity in suicide. , 1993, The American journal of psychiatry.

[40]  K. Hawton,et al.  Deliberate self-harm in children and adolescents: a research update , 2005, Current opinion in psychiatry.

[41]  D. Shaffer,et al.  The epidemiology of teen suicide: an examination of risk factors. , 1988, The Journal of clinical psychiatry.

[42]  F Weiss,et al.  Ethanol Self-Administration Restores Withdrawal-Associated Deficiencies in Accumbal Dopamine and 5-Hydroxytryptamine Release in Dependent Rats , 1996, The Journal of Neuroscience.