chapter 2 – NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT OF THE PEDIATRIC PATIENT

[1]  C. Duggan,et al.  Cumulative energy imbalance in the pediatric intensive care unit: role of targeted indirect calorimetry. , 2009, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[2]  Renda Soylemez Wiener,et al.  Ill Adults: A Meta-analysis Benefits and Risks of Tight Glucose Control in Critically , 2010 .

[3]  C. Duggan,et al.  Severe weight loss and hypermetabolic paroxysmal dysautonomia following hypoxic ischemic brain injury: the role of indirect calorimetry in the intensive care unit. , 2008, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[4]  M. Puder,et al.  Omega‐3 fatty acids and liver disease , 2007, Hepatology.

[5]  J. López‐Herce,et al.  Early transpyloric enteral nutrition in critically ill children. , 2007, Nutrition.

[6]  B. Bistrian,et al.  Current Clinical Applications of Ω-6 and Ω-3 Fatty Acids. , 2006, Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.

[7]  J. Folkman,et al.  Reversal of Parenteral Nutrition–Associated Liver Disease in Two Infants With Short Bowel Syndrome Using Parenteral Fish Oil: Implications for Future Management , 2006, Pediatrics.

[8]  W. Hop,et al.  Adequate feeding and the usefulness of the respiratory quotient in critically ill children. , 2005, Nutrition.

[9]  F. Ognibene,et al.  Retrospective Evaluation of Commonly Used Equations to Predict Energy Expenditure in Mechanically Ventilated, Critically Ill Patients , 2004, Pharmacotherapy.

[10]  Anja Bosy-Westphal,et al.  World Health Organization equations have shortcomings for predicting resting energy expenditure in persons from a modern, affluent population: generation of a new reference standard from a retrospective analysis of a German database of resting energy expenditure. , 2004, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[11]  K. Daphtary,et al.  Gastric vs small-bowel feeding in critically ill children receiving mechanical ventilation: a randomized controlled trial. , 2004, Chest.

[12]  V. Nadkarni,et al.  Association of timing, duration, and intensity of hyperglycemia with intensive care unit mortality in critically ill children , 2004, Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies.

[13]  M. Agus,et al.  Intravenous insulin decreases protein breakdown in infants on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. , 2004, Journal of pediatric surgery.

[14]  J Wayne Meredith,et al.  Relationship of early hyperglycemia to mortality in trauma patients. , 2004, The Journal of trauma.

[15]  James Stephen Krinsley,et al.  Association between hyperglycemia and increased hospital mortality in a heterogeneous population of critically ill patients. , 2003, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[16]  H. Gilbertson,et al.  Barriers to adequate nutrition in critically ill children. , 2003, Nutrition.

[17]  Leah Gramlich,et al.  Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated, critically ill adult patients. , 2003, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[18]  V. Preedy,et al.  Nutritional support in critically ill children. , 2003, Clinical nutrition.

[19]  A. Perez-Atayde,et al.  Trophic enteral nutrition increases hepatic glutathione and protects against peroxidative damage after exposure to endotoxin. , 2003, Journal of pediatric surgery.

[20]  E. Barrett,et al.  Human protein metabolism: its measurement and regulation. , 2002, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.

[21]  G. Briassoulis,et al.  Influence of an aggressive early enteral nutrition protocol on nitrogen balance in critically ill children. , 2002, The Journal of nutritional biochemistry.

[22]  R. Wolfe,et al.  The effect of prolonged euglycemic hyperinsulinemia on lean body mass after severe burn. , 2002, Surgery.

[23]  W. Hop,et al.  Acute stress response in children with meningococcal sepsis: important differences in the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis between nonsurvivors and survivors. , 2002, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[24]  A. Pierro Metabolism and nutritional support in the surgical neonate. , 2002, Journal of pediatric surgery.

[25]  W. Walker,et al.  Protective nutrients and functional foods for the gastrointestinal tract. , 2002, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[26]  T. Jaksic,et al.  Energy expenditure in ill premature neonates. , 2002, Journal of pediatric surgery.

[27]  P. Cogo,et al.  Protein turnover, lipolysis, and endogenous hormonal secretion in critically ill children , 2002, Critical care medicine.

[28]  E. Smith,et al.  Energy metabolism, nitrogen balance, and substrate utilization in critically ill children. , 2001, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[29]  M Schetz,et al.  Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. , 2001, The New England journal of medicine.

[30]  B. Poindexter,et al.  Amino acids do not suppress proteolysis in premature neonates. , 2001, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.

[31]  D. Heyland,et al.  Should immunonutrition become routine in critically ill patients? A systematic review of the evidence. , 2001, JAMA.

[32]  G. Briassoulis,et al.  Malnutrition, nutritional indices, and early enteral feeding in critically ill children. , 2001, Nutrition.

[33]  G. Briassoulis,et al.  Effectiveness and safety of a protocol for promotion of early intragastric feeding in critically ill children , 2001, Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies.

[34]  N. Glass,et al.  Ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus under fentanyl anesthesia improves protein metabolism in premature neonates. , 2000, Journal of pediatric surgery.

[35]  B. Bistrian,et al.  Predicted energy expenditure in critically ill children: problems associated with increased variability. , 2000, Critical care medicine.

[36]  I. Munshi,et al.  Small bowel necrosis associated with early postoperative jejunal tube feeding in a trauma patient. , 2000, The Journal of trauma.

[37]  T. Jaksic,et al.  Validation of a [13C]Bicarbonate Tracer Technique to Measure Neonatal Energy Expenditure , 2000, Pediatric Research.

[38]  E. Amusquivar,et al.  Lipid metabolism in the fetus and the newborn , 2000, Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews.

[39]  S. Venkataraman,et al.  Energy expenditure in critically ill children , 2000, Critical care medicine.

[40]  D. Orgill,et al.  The anticatabolic and wound healing effects of the testosterone analog oxandrolone after severe burn injury. , 2000, Journal of critical care.

[41]  M. Georgieff,et al.  Effect of Sepsis Syndrome on Neonatal Protein and Energy Metabolism , 2000, Journal of Perinatology.

[42]  A. Lucas,et al.  Workshop summary: nutrition of the extremely low birth weight infant. , 1999, Pediatrics.

[43]  N R Webster,et al.  Increased mortality associated with growth hormone treatment in critically ill adults. , 1999, The New England journal of medicine.

[44]  T. Jaksic,et al.  The determinants of protein catabolism in neonates on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. , 1999, Journal of pediatric surgery.

[45]  J. Hazelzet,et al.  Energy expenditure and substrate utilization in mechanically ventilated children. , 1999, Nutrition.

[46]  G. Zaloga Early enteral nutritional support improves outcome: hypothesis or fact? , 1999, Critical care medicine.

[47]  D. Bihari,et al.  A prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial of enteral immunonutrition in the critically ill. Guy's Hospital Intensive Care Group. , 1998, Critical care medicine.

[48]  J. Revelly,et al.  Effects of isoenergetic glucose-based or lipid-based parenteral nutrition on glucose metabolism, de novo lipogenesis, and respiratory gas exchanges in critically ill patients. , 1998, Critical care medicine.

[49]  J. Seale,et al.  Comparison of energy expenditure measurements by diet records, energy intake balance, doubly labeled water and room calorimetry , 1997, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[50]  K. Shaffer,et al.  Radiologic evaluation in lung cancer: diagnosis and staging. , 1997, Chest.

[51]  R. Ross,et al.  Administration of human recombinant insulin-like growth factor-I in critically ill patients. , 1997, Critical care medicine.

[52]  B. Stoll,et al.  Integration of amino acid and carbon intermediary metabolism: studies with uniformly labeled tracers and mass isotopomer analysis , 1997, European Journal of Pediatrics.

[53]  T. Jaksic,et al.  Stable isotopic quantitation of protein metabolism and energy expenditure in neonates on- and post-extracorporeal life support. , 1997, Journal of pediatric surgery.

[54]  S. Ryan,et al.  Randomised controlled trial of acetate in preterm neonates receiving parenteral nutrition , 1997, Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition.

[55]  R. Bone,et al.  Sepsis: a new hypothesis for pathogenesis of the disease process. , 1997, Chest.

[56]  T. Jaksic,et al.  Compartmentation of endogenously synthesized amino acids in neonates. , 1996, The Journal of surgical research.

[57]  E. Liechty,et al.  Proteolysis and phenylalanine hydroxylation in response to parenteral nutrition in extremely premature and normal newborns. , 1996, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[58]  D. Chinkes,et al.  Stimulation of Muscle Protein Synthesis by Long‐Term Insulin Infusion in Severely Burned Patients , 1995, Annals of surgery.

[59]  E. Liechty,et al.  Effect of intravenous glucose and lipid on proteolysis and glucose production in normal newborns. , 1995, The American journal of physiology.

[60]  C. Agostoni,et al.  Fatty acids in pediatric nutrition. , 1995, Pediatric clinics of North America.

[61]  R. Letton,et al.  Stratification of injury severity using energy expenditure response in surgical infants. , 1995, Journal of pediatric surgery.

[62]  J. Forsyth,et al.  Low birthweight infants and total parenteral nutrition immediately after birth. III. Randomised study of energy substrate utilisation, nitrogen balance, and carbon dioxide production. , 1995, Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition.

[63]  T. Jaksic,et al.  Decreased cysteine and proline synthesis in parenterally fed, premature infants. , 1995, Journal of pediatric surgery.

[64]  M. McNurlan,et al.  Protein metabolism kinetics in neonates: effect of intravenous carbohydrate and fat. , 1995, Journal of pediatric surgery.

[65]  B. Beaufrère Protein turnover in low‐birth‐weight (LBW) infants , 1994, Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). Supplement.

[66]  M. Goran,et al.  Determinants of resting energy expenditure in young children. , 1994, The Journal of pediatrics.

[67]  W. Chwals Overfeeding the critically ill child: fact or fantasy? , 1994, New horizons.

[68]  T. Heim,et al.  Metabolic consequences of increasing energy intake by adding lipid to parenteral nutrition in full-term infants. , 1994, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[69]  A. Pierro,et al.  The metabolic response to operative stress in infants. , 1993, Journal of pediatric surgery.

[70]  A. Pierro,et al.  Glucose utilization in the surgical newborn infant receiving total parenteral nutrition. , 1993, Journal of pediatric surgery.

[71]  P. Garlick,et al.  Changes in Protein Turnover after the Introduction of Parenteral Nutrition in Premature Infants: Comparison of Breast Milk and Egg Protein-Based Amino Acid Solutions , 1992, Pediatric Research.

[72]  S. McClave,et al.  Invited Review: Use of Indirect Calorimetry in Clinical Nutrition , 1992 .

[73]  V. Carnielli,et al.  Partition of energy metabolism in the surgical newborn. , 1991, Journal of pediatric surgery.

[74]  R. Platt,et al.  Association of intravenous lipid emulsion and coagulase‐negative staphylococcal bacteremia in neonatal intensive care units , 1991, The New England journal of medicine.

[75]  M. Jeevanandam,et al.  Nutritional impact on the energy cost of fat fuel mobilization in polytrauma victims. , 1990, The Journal of trauma.

[76]  M. Jeevanandam,et al.  Measured energy expenditure in pediatric intensive care patients. , 1989, American journal of diseases of children.

[77]  K. Schulze,et al.  Growth, nutrient retention, and metabolic response in low birth weight infants fed varying intakes of protein and energy. , 1988, The Journal of pediatrics.

[78]  G. Blackburn,et al.  Resting energy expenditure in the critically ill: Estimations versus measurement , 1988, The British journal of surgery.

[79]  R. Wolfe,et al.  Dynamics of the protein metabolic response to burn injury. , 1988, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[80]  E. Ferrannini The theoretical bases of indirect calorimetry: a review. , 1988, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[81]  K. Schulze,et al.  Energy expenditure, energy balance, and composition of weight gain in low birth weight infants fed diets of different protein and energy content. , 1987, The Journal of pediatrics.

[82]  D. Schoeller,et al.  Validation of Doubly Labeled Water for Assessing Energy Expenditure in Infants , 1987, Pediatric Research.

[83]  E. Ogata,et al.  Carbohydrate metabolism in the fetus and neonate and altered neonatal glucoregulation. , 1986, Pediatric clinics of North America.

[84]  S B Heymsfield,et al.  Human energy requirements: overestimation by widely used prediction equation. , 1985, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[85]  J. S. Wiley,et al.  Nutritional depletions in critically ill children: associations with physiologic instability and increased quantity of care. , 1985, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[86]  H. S. Bayley,et al.  Energy Balance and Nitrogen Balance in Growing Low Birthweight Infants Fed Human Milk or Formula , 1983, Pediatric Research.

[87]  P. Chessex,et al.  Dietary composition and macronutrient storage in preterm infants. , 1983, Pediatrics.

[88]  Pickering Lk,et al.  Mechanisms of intralipid effect on polymorphonuclear leukocytes. , 1983 .

[89]  R. Dechert,et al.  Measurement of metabolism in multiple organ failure. , 1982, Surgery.

[90]  D A Schoeller,et al.  Measurement of energy expenditure in humans by doubly labeled water method. , 1982, Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology.

[91]  J. Kinney,et al.  Metabolic Utilization of Intravenous Fat Emulsion During Total Parenteral Nutrition , 1982, Annals of surgery.

[92]  F. Haschke,et al.  Body composition of reference children from birth to age 10 years. , 1982, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[93]  M. Weinstein,et al.  Oxygen consumption in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. , 1981, The Journal of pediatrics.

[94]  C. Long,et al.  A comparison of the effects of skeletal trauma and surgery on the ketosis of starvation in man. , 1981, The Journal of trauma.

[95]  J. Kinney,et al.  Energy expenditure in surgical patients. , 1981, The Surgical clinics of North America.

[96]  C. Stanley,et al.  Decreased oxygenation and hyperlipemia during intravenous fat infusions in premature infants. , 1980, Pediatrics.

[97]  S H Rosenbaum,et al.  Respiratory changes induced by the large glucose loads of total parenteral nutrition. , 1980, JAMA.

[98]  Munro Hn Nutrition and muscle protein metabolism: Introduction. , 1978 .

[99]  D. Williamson,et al.  Muscle-protein catabolism after injury in man, as measured by urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine. , 1977, Clinical science and molecular medicine.

[100]  G. Forbes,et al.  Urinary creatinine excretion and lean body mass. , 1976, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[101]  J. Oates,et al.  Rapid onset of essential fatty acid deficiency in the newborn. , 1976, Pediatrics.

[102]  J. Kinney,et al.  Nonsuppressability of gluconeogenesis by glucose in septic patients. , 1976, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[103]  P. Felig The glucose-alanine cycle. , 1973, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[104]  C. Whitten,et al.  Essential fatty acid deficiency in infants induced by fat-free intravenous feeding. , 1972, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[105]  J. L. Spencer,et al.  Carbohydrate metabolism in man: effect of elective operations and major injury. , 1971, Journal of applied physiology.

[106]  D. Cuthbertson Intensive care—metabolic response to injury , 1970, The British journal of surgery.

[107]  S. Karelitz,et al.  Clinical effects of two different levels of protein intake on low-birth-weight infants. , 1969, The Journal of pediatrics.

[108]  D. Rittenberg,et al.  DEUTERIUM AS AN INDICATOR IN THE STUDY OF INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM. , 1935, Science.

[109]  G. Guyatt,et al.  Enteral nutrition in the critically ill patient: A critical review of the evidence , 2005, Intensive Care Medicine.

[110]  D. Spain,et al.  Achievement of steady state optimizes results when performing indirect calorimetry. , 2003, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[111]  T. Jaksic,et al.  Do critically ill surgical neonates have increased energy expenditure? , 2001, Journal of pediatric surgery.

[112]  M. Rennie,et al.  Effect of major abdominal operations on energy and protein metabolism in infants and children. , 1998, Journal of pediatric surgery.

[113]  A. Okada,et al.  Amino acid metabolism in pediatric patients. , 1998, Nutrition.

[114]  D A Schoeller,et al.  Reliability of the doubly labeled water method for the measurement of total daily energy expenditure in free-living subjects. , 1996, The Journal of nutrition.

[115]  J. Dean,et al.  Early enteral feeding in the pediatric intensive care unit. , 1996, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[116]  J. Spitzer,et al.  Glucose utilization by Kupffer cells, endothelial cells, and granulocytes in endotoxemic rat liver. , 1991, The American journal of physiology.

[117]  N. W. Flodin Micronutrient supplements: toxicity and drug interactions. , 1990, Progress in food & nutrition science.

[118]  J. Marks The safety of the vitamins: an overview. , 1989, International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Supplement = Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Supplement.

[119]  P. Pencharz,et al.  The Effects of Surgery on the Nitrogen Metabolism of Parenterally Fed Human Neonates , 1986, Pediatric Research.

[120]  Schofield Wn,et al.  Predicting basal metabolic rate, new standards and review of previous work , 1985 .

[121]  S. Zlotkin,et al.  The Development of Cystathionase Activity During the First Year of Life , 1982, Pediatric Research.

[122]  J. S. Wiley,et al.  Malnutrition in Critically III Infants and Children , 1982 .

[123]  H. I. Goldman,et al.  Effects of early dietary protein intake on low-birth-weight infants: evaluation at 3 years of age. , 1971, The Journal of pediatrics.