Prokineticin receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1

Prokineticin receptors, PKR1 and PKR2 (provisional nomenclature as recommended by NC-IUPHAR [26]) respond to the cysteine-rich 81-86 amino-acid peptides prokineticin-1 (also known as endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor, mambakine) and prokineticin-2 (protein Bv8 homologue). An orthologue of PROK1 from black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) venom, mamba intestinal toxin 1 (MIT1, [71]) is a potent, non-selective agonist at prokineticin receptors [46], while Bv8, an orthologue of PROK2 from amphibians (Bombina sp., [49]), is equipotent at recombinant PKR1 and PKR2 [53], and has high potency in macrophage chemotaxis assays, which are lost in PKR1-null mice.

[1]  Zhou-Feng Chen,et al.  Molecular and neural basis of pleasant touch sensation , 2022, Science.

[2]  R. Miele,et al.  Trypanosoma cruzi trans‐sialidase induces STAT3 and ERK activation by prokineticin receptor 2 binding , 2020, Cell biochemistry and function.

[3]  D. Prober,et al.  Knocking-down of the Prokineticin receptor 2 affects reveals its complex role in the regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis in the zebrafish model , 2020, Scientific reports.

[4]  Peter Buneman,et al.  Why data citation isn't working, and what to do about it , 2020, Database J. Biol. Databases Curation.

[5]  J. Sebag,et al.  Regions of MRAP2 required for the inhibition of orexin and prokineticin receptor signaling. , 2017, Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research.

[6]  D. Srisai,et al.  The Melanocortin Receptor Accessory Protein 2 promotes food intake through inhibition of the Prokineticin Receptor-1 , 2016, eLife.

[7]  Yong Feng,et al.  Snapin interacts with G-protein coupled receptor PKR2. , 2016, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[8]  Simone Brogi,et al.  Discovery and Cardioprotective Effects of the First Non-Peptide Agonists of the G Protein-Coupled Prokineticin Receptor-1 , 2015, PloS one.

[9]  P. Kuo,et al.  Prokineticin receptor variants (PKR1-I379V and PKR2-V331M) are protective genotypes in human early pregnancy. , 2013, Reproduction.

[10]  S. Seshagiri,et al.  The emerging mutational landscape of G proteins and G-protein-coupled receptors in cancer , 2013, Nature Reviews Cancer.

[11]  J. Toppari,et al.  PROKR2 mutations in autosomal recessive Kallmann syndrome. , 2013, Fertility and sterility.

[12]  M. Dattani,et al.  Variations in PROKR2, But Not PROK2, Are Associated With Hypopituitarism and Septo-optic Dysplasia , 2013, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[13]  T. Goi,et al.  Endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor strengthens cell invasion ability via prokineticin receptor 2 in colon cancer cell lines. , 2013, Oncology reports.

[14]  H. Prosser,et al.  Peripheral administration of prokineticin 2 potently reduces food intake and body weight in mice via the brainstem , 2013, British journal of pharmacology.

[15]  P. Rondard,et al.  PROK2/PROKR2 Signaling and Kallmann Syndrome , 2012, Front. Endocrinol..

[16]  O. Laccourreye,et al.  PROKR2 and PROK2 mutations cause isolated congenital anosmia without gonadotropic deficiency. , 2012, European journal of endocrinology.

[17]  R. Carroll,et al.  Evidence of the importance of the first intracellular loop of prokineticin receptor 2 in receptor function. , 2012, Molecular endocrinology.

[18]  C. Qiu,et al.  Prokineticin 2 potentiates acid-sensing ion channel activity in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons , 2012, Journal of Neuroinflammation.

[19]  S. A. Jayakody,et al.  PROKR2 variants in multiple hypopituitarism with pituitary stalk interruption. , 2012, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[20]  D. M. Lyons,et al.  Prokineticin 2 is an endangering mediator of cerebral ischemic injury , 2012, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[21]  S. Radovick,et al.  Genetic overlap in Kallmann syndrome, combined pituitary hormone deficiency, and septo-optic dysplasia. , 2012, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[22]  M. Sujino,et al.  Prokr2-Deficient Mice Display Vascular Dysmorphology of the Fetal Testes: Potential Implications for Kallmann Syndrome Aetiology , 2012, Sexual Development.

[23]  M. Ruíz-Ferrer,et al.  Expression of PROKR1 and PROKR2 in Human Enteric Neural Precursor Cells and Identification of Sequence Variants Suggest a Role in HSCR , 2011, PloS one.

[24]  D. O'Dowd,et al.  Prokineticin 2 Regulates the Electrical Activity of Rat Suprachiasmatic Nuclei Neurons , 2011, PloS one.

[25]  P. Dollé,et al.  Genetic Inactivation of Prokineticin Receptor-1 Leads to Heart and Kidney Disorders , 2011, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[26]  S. Salvadori,et al.  Prokineticin Receptor 1 Antagonist PC-10 as a Biomarker for Imaging Inflammatory Pain , 2011, The Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

[27]  R. Quinton,et al.  A genetic basis for functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. , 2011, The New England journal of medicine.

[28]  Y. Xiong,et al.  Prokineticin 2 suppresses GABA-activated current in rat primary sensory neurons , 2010, Neuropharmacology.

[29]  W. Crowley,et al.  The long-term clinical follow-up and natural history of men with adult-onset idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. , 2010, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[30]  N. Messaddeq,et al.  Divergent roles of prokineticin receptors in the endothelial cells: angiogenesis and fenestration. , 2010, American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology.

[31]  P. Tonella,et al.  A comparative phenotypic study of kallmann syndrome patients carrying monoallelic and biallelic mutations in the prokineticin 2 or prokineticin receptor 2 genes. , 2010, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[32]  M. Gareau,et al.  Prokineticin‐1 evokes secretory and contractile activity in rat small intestine , 2009, Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society.

[33]  H. Jabbour,et al.  Prokineticin-1 (PROK1) modulates interleukin (IL)-11 expression via prokineticin receptor 1 (PROKR1) and the calcineurin/NFAT signalling pathway , 2009, Molecular human reproduction.

[34]  W. Crowley,et al.  GNRH1 mutations in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism , 2009, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[35]  P. Hornby,et al.  Triazinediones as prokineticin 1 receptor antagonists. Part 1: SAR, synthesis and biological evaluation. , 2009, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.

[36]  C. Parras,et al.  Prokineticin receptor 2 expression identifies migrating neuroblasts and their subventricular zone transient‐amplifying progenitors in adult mice , 2009, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[37]  S. Salvadori,et al.  Triazine compounds as antagonists at Bv8-prokineticin receptors. , 2008, Journal of medicinal chemistry.

[38]  P. Sacerdote,et al.  The prokineticin receptor agonist Bv8 decreases IL-10 and IL-4 production in mice splenocytes by activating prokineticin receptor-1 , 2008, BMC Immunology.

[39]  G. Bellastella,et al.  Homozygous mutation in the prokineticin-receptor2 gene (Val274Asp) presenting as reversible Kallmann syndrome and persistent oligozoospermia: case report. , 2008, Human reproduction.

[40]  M. de Castro,et al.  Loss-of-function mutations in the genes encoding prokineticin-2 or prokineticin receptor-2 cause autosomal recessive Kallmann syndrome. , 2008, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[41]  P. Canto,et al.  Genetic analysis in patients with Kallmann syndrome: coexistence of mutations in prokineticin receptor 2 and KAL1. , 2008, Journal of andrology.

[42]  F. Denison,et al.  Prokineticin-1: a novel mediator of the inflammatory response in third-trimester human placenta. , 2008, Endocrinology.

[43]  R. Quinton,et al.  Mutations in prokineticin 2 and prokineticin receptor 2 genes in human gonadotrophin-releasing hormone deficiency: molecular genetics and clinical spectrum. , 2008, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[44]  K. Morgan,et al.  Prokineticin 1 signaling and gene regulation in early human pregnancy. , 2008, Endocrinology.

[45]  A. Dierich,et al.  Prokineticin Receptor-1 Induces Neovascularization and Epicardial-Derived Progenitor Cell Differentiation , 2008, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[46]  A. Bradley,et al.  Olfactory bulb hypoplasia in Prokr2 null mice stems from defective neuronal progenitor migration and differentiation , 2007, The European journal of neuroscience.

[47]  M. Steenman,et al.  The prokineticin receptor‐1 (GPR73) promotes cardiomyocyte survival and angiogenesis , 2007, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[48]  K. Lee,et al.  Prokineticin-1 modulates proliferation and differentiation of enteric neural crest cells. , 2007, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[49]  A. Bradley,et al.  Prokineticin receptor 2 (Prokr2) is essential for the regulation of circadian behavior by the suprachiasmatic nuclei , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[50]  Erik A. Yuill,et al.  Prokineticin 2 depolarizes paraventricular nucleus magnocellular and parvocellular neurons , 2007, The European journal of neuroscience.

[51]  C. Petit,et al.  Kallmann Syndrome: Mutations in the Genes Encoding Prokineticin-2 and Prokineticin Receptor-2 , 2006, PLoS genetics.

[52]  V. Vellani,et al.  Impaired Nociception and Inflammatory Pain Sensation in Mice Lacking the Prokineticin Receptor PKR1: Focus on Interaction between PKR1 and the Capsaicin Receptor TRPV1 in Pain Behavior , 2006, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[53]  W. Hoogerwerf,et al.  Prokineticin 1 inhibits spontaneous giant contractions in the murine proximal colon through nitric oxide release , 2006, Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society.

[54]  V. Vellani,et al.  Sensitization of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 by the Prokineticin Receptor Agonist Bv8 , 2006, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[55]  N. Alfaidy,et al.  Expression and oxygen regulation of endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor/prokineticin-1 and its receptors in human placenta during early pregnancy. , 2006, Endocrinology.

[56]  M. Nagano,et al.  Abnormal development of the olfactory bulb and reproductive system in mice lacking prokineticin receptor PKR2. , 2006, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[57]  P. Sacerdote,et al.  Bv8, the amphibian homologue of the mammalian prokineticins, induces a proinflammatory phenotype of mouse macrophages , 2006, British journal of pharmacology.

[58]  D. Barra,et al.  Biological activities of Bv8 analogues , 2005, British journal of pharmacology.

[59]  C. Fraser,et al.  PK1/EG‐VEGF induces monocyte differentiation and activation , 2005, Journal of leukocyte biology.

[60]  Michelle Y. Cheng,et al.  Dependence of Olfactory Bulb Neurogenesis on Prokineticin 2 Signaling , 2005, Science.

[61]  Richard R. Neubig,et al.  International Union of Pharmacology. XLVI. G Protein-Coupled Receptor List , 2005, Pharmacological Reviews.

[62]  Sandy Wilson,et al.  Identification and Pharmacological Characterization of Prokineticin 2β as a Selective Ligand for Prokineticin Receptor 1 , 2005, Molecular Pharmacology.

[63]  F. Peale,et al.  Bv8 and endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor stimulate hematopoiesis and hematopoietic cell mobilization. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[64]  A. Colucci,et al.  Bv8, the amphibian homologue of the mammalian prokineticins, modulates ingestive behaviour in rats , 2004, British journal of pharmacology.

[65]  K. Morgan,et al.  Expression and regulation of the prokineticins (endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor and Bv8) and their receptors in the human endometrium across the menstrual cycle. , 2004, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[66]  Qun Zhou,et al.  Prokineticin 2 Modulates the Excitability of Subfornical Organ Neurons , 2004, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[67]  Qun Zhou,et al.  Structural determinants required for the bioactivities of prokineticins and identification of prokineticin receptor antagonists. , 2004, Molecular pharmacology.

[68]  R. Meidan,et al.  Presence and regulation of endocrine gland vascular endothelial growth factor/prokineticin-1 and its receptors in ovarian cells. , 2003, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[69]  G. Frantz,et al.  Mouse endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor: a distinct expression pattern from its human ortholog suggests different roles as a regulator of organ-specific angiogenesis. , 2003, Endocrinology.

[70]  F. Peale,et al.  The endocrine-gland-derived VEGF homologue Bv8 promotes angiogenesis in the testis: Localization of Bv8 receptors to endothelial cells , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[71]  Jun Takasaki,et al.  Molecular cloning and characterization of prokineticin receptors. , 2002, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[72]  D. Barra,et al.  Nociceptive sensitization by the secretory protein Bv8 , 2002, British journal of pharmacology.

[73]  Qun Zhou,et al.  Identification and Molecular Characterization of Two Closely Related G Protein-coupled Receptors Activated by Prokineticins/Endocrine Gland Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor* , 2002, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[74]  Michelle Y. Cheng,et al.  Prokineticin 2 transmits the behavioural circadian rhythm of the suprachiasmatic nucleus , 2002, Nature.

[75]  S. Hinuma,et al.  Isolation and identification of EG-VEGF/prokineticins as cognate ligands for two orphan G-protein-coupled receptors. , 2002, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[76]  N. Ferrara,et al.  Characterization of Endocrine Gland-derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling in Adrenal Cortex Capillary Endothelial Cells* , 2002, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[77]  F. Peale,et al.  Identification of an angiogenic mitogen selective for endocrine gland endothelium , 2001, Nature.

[78]  C. Bullock,et al.  Identification of two prokineticin cDNAs: recombinant proteins potently contract gastrointestinal smooth muscle. , 2001, Molecular pharmacology.

[79]  N. Copeland,et al.  Y-receptor-like genes GPR72 and GPR73: molecular cloning, genomic organisation and assignment to human chromosome 11q21.1 and 2p14 and mouse chromosome 9 and 6. , 2000, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[80]  M. Lazdunski,et al.  MIT1, a black mamba toxin with a new and highly potent activity on intestinal contraction , 1999, FEBS letters.

[81]  D. Barra,et al.  Bv8, a small protein from frog skin and its homologue from snake venom induce hyperalgesia in rats. , 1999, European journal of pharmacology.

[82]  M. Juliano,et al.  Prokineticin receptor identified by phage display is an entry receptor for Trypanosoma cruzi into mammalian cells , 2014, Parasitology Research.

[83]  S. Salvadori,et al.  Halogenated triazinediones behave as antagonists of PKR1: in vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization , 2014 .

[84]  G. Labesse,et al.  PROKR2 missense mutations associated with Kallmann syndrome impair receptor signalling activity. , 2009, Human molecular genetics.