The hybrid disks: a search and study to better understand evolution of disks

The increased sensitivity of millimeter-wave facilities now makes possible the detection of low amounts of gas in debris disks. Some of the gas-rich debris disks harbor peculiar properties, with possible pristine gas and secondary generated dust. The origin of the gas in these hybrid disks is strongly debated and the current sample is too sparse to understand this phenomenon. More detections are necessary to increase the statistics on this population. Lying at the final stages of evolution of proto-planetary disks and at the beginning of the debris disk phase, these objects could provide new insight into the processes involved in the making of planetary systems. We carried out a deep survey of the 12CO(2-1) and 12CO(3-2) lines with the APEX and IRAM radiotelescopes in young debris disks selected according to hybrid disk properties. The survey is complemented with a bibliographic study of the ratio between the emission of the gas and the continuum (S_CO/F_cont) in CTTS, Herbig Ae, WTTS, hybrid, and debris disks. Our sub-mm survey comprises 25 stars, including 17 new targets, and we increase the sensitivity limit by a factor 2 on eight sources compared to similar published studies. We report a 4sigma tentative detection of a double-peaked 12CO(2-1) line around HD23642; an eclipsing binary located in the Pleiades. We also reveal a correlation between the emission of the CO gas and the dust continuum from CTTS, Herbig Ae and few debris disks. The observed trend of the gas to dust flux ratio suggests a concurrent dissipation of the dust and gas components. Hybrid disks systematically lie above this trend, suggesting that these systems may witness a transient phase, when the dust has evolved more rapidly than the gas, with a flux ratio S_CO/F_cont enhanced by a factor of between 10 and 100 compared to standard (proto-)planetary disks.

[1]  K. Flaherty,et al.  DEBRIS DISKS IN THE SCORPIUS–CENTAURUS OB ASSOCIATION RESOLVED BY ALMA , 2016, 1606.07068.

[2]  A. Hales,et al.  A ring-like concentration of mm-sized particles in Sz 91 , 2016, 1601.06801.

[3]  K. Stassun,et al.  A Disk-based Dynamical Constraint on the Mass of the Young Binary DQ Tau , 2016, 1601.03806.

[4]  K. Flaherty,et al.  RESOLVED CO GAS INTERIOR TO THE DUST RINGS OF THE HD 141569 DISK , 2016, 1601.02642.

[5]  T. Henning,et al.  DISCOVERY OF MOLECULAR GAS AROUND HD 131835 IN AN APEX MOLECULAR LINE SURVEY OF BRIGHT DEBRIS DISKS , 2015, 1510.03766.

[6]  A. Schneider,et al.  An ALMA Survey for Disks Orbiting Low-Mass Stars in the TW Hya Association , 2015, 1509.04589.

[7]  J. Fairlamb,et al.  A spectroscopic survey of Herbig Ae/Be stars with X-shooter – I. Stellar parameters and accretion rates , 2015, 1507.05967.

[8]  Jonathan P. Williams,et al.  A SCUBA-2 850 MICRON SURVEY OF CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS IN THE λ ORIONIS CLUSTER , 2015 .

[9]  L. Mundy,et al.  RESOLVING PROTOPLANETARY DISKS AT MILLIMETER WAVELENGTHS WITH CARMA , 2015, 1506.03679.

[10]  K. Stassun,et al.  A DISK-BASED DYNAMICAL MASS ESTIMATE FOR THE YOUNG BINARY AK SCO , 2015, 1505.01850.

[11]  Strong effect of the cluster environment on the size of protoplanetary discs , 2015, 1504.06092.

[12]  Jonathan P. Williams,et al.  ON THE NATURE OF THE TERTIARY COMPANION TO FW TAU: ALMA CO OBSERVATIONS AND SED MODELING , 2015, 1504.05644.

[13]  R. Alexander,et al.  Probing the final stages of protoplanetary disk evolution with ALMA , 2015, 1504.05562.

[14]  M. Simon,et al.  Sensitive survey for 13CO, CN, H2CO, and SO in the disks of T Tauri and Herbig Ae stars - II. Stars in ρ Ophiuchi and upper Scorpius , 2015, 1504.04542.

[15]  C. Dullemond,et al.  THE IMPACT OF DUST EVOLUTION AND PHOTOEVAPORATION ON DISK DISPERSAL , 2015, 1502.07369.

[16]  H. Bouy,et al.  Protoplanetary disk lifetimes vs stellar mass and possible implications for giant planet populations , 2015, 1502.00631.

[17]  M. Meyer,et al.  PROBING STELLAR ACCRETION WITH MID-INFRARED HYDROGEN LINES , 2015, 1501.06210.

[18]  D. Wilner,et al.  RESOLVED MILLIMETER EMISSION FROM THE HD 15115 DEBRIS DISK , 2015, 1501.05962.

[19]  W. Dent,et al.  CO mass upper limits in the Fomalhaut ring - the importance of NLTE excitation in debris discs and future prospects with ALMA , 2014, 1412.2757.

[20]  J. Carpenter,et al.  ALMA OBSERVATIONS OF THE DEBRIS DISK AROUND THE YOUNG SOLAR ANALOG HD 107146 , 2014, 1410.8265.

[21]  C. Pinte,et al.  CO GAS INSIDE THE PROTOPLANETARY DISK CAVITY IN HD 142527: DISK STRUCTURE FROM ALMA , 2014 .

[22]  K. Menten,et al.  SHORT DISSIPATION TIMES OF PROTO-PLANETARY DISKS: AN ARTIFACT OF SELECTION EFFECTS? , 2014, 1409.0978.

[23]  R. Galicher,et al.  Is the HD 15115 inner disk really asymmetrical , 2014, 1409.0710.

[24]  G. Blake,et al.  C/2013 R1 (LOVEJOY) AT IR WAVELENGTHS AND THE VARIABILITY OF CO ABUNDANCES AMONG OORT CLOUD COMETS , 2014 .

[25]  J. Bary,et al.  ANOMALOUS ACCRETION ACTIVITY AND THE SPOTTED NATURE OF THE DQ TAU BINARY SYSTEM , 2014, 1407.3309.

[26]  G. Blake,et al.  ALMA OBSERVATIONS OF THE T TAURI BINARY SYSTEM AS 205: EVIDENCE FOR MOLECULAR WINDS AND/OR BINARY INTERACTIONS , 2014, 1407.2652.

[27]  G. Blake,et al.  COMPARISON OF THE DUST AND GAS RADIAL STRUCTURE IN THE TRANSITION DISK [PZ99] J160421.7-213028 , 2014, 1406.6974.

[28]  E. Chapillon,et al.  The masses of young stars: CN as a probe of dynamical masses , 2014, 1406.3805.

[29]  L. Testi,et al.  BROWN DWARF DISKS WITH ALMA , 2014, 1406.0635.

[30]  C. Eiroa,et al.  A CO SURVEY IN PLANET-FORMING DISKS: CHARACTERIZING THE GAS CONTENT IN THE EPOCH OF PLANET FORMATION , 2014, 1405.6966.

[31]  Tokyo Institute of Technology,et al.  ALMA HINTS AT THE PRESENCE OF TWO COMPANIONS IN THE DISK AROUND HD 100546 , 2014, 1405.6542.

[32]  F. Ménard,et al.  Gas and dust in the beta Pictoris moving group as seen by the Herschel Space Observatory , 2014, 1404.1815.

[33]  A. Lagrange,et al.  Molecular Gas Clumps from the Destruction of Icy Bodies in the β Pictoris Debris Disk , 2014, Science.

[34]  Marc J. Kuchner,et al.  THE SPITZER INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH DEBRIS DISK CATALOG. I. CONTINUUM ANALYSIS OF UNRESOLVED TARGETS , 2014 .

[35]  A. Heinze,et al.  A SENSITIVE IDENTIFICATION OF WARM DEBRIS DISKS IN THE SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD THROUGH PRECISE CALIBRATION OF SATURATED WISE PHOTOMETRY , 2014, 1403.3435.

[36]  L. Hillenbrand,et al.  AN OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF T TAURI STARS. I. PHOTOSPHERIC PROPERTIES , 2014, 1403.1675.

[37]  R. Akeson,et al.  CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS AROUND BINARY STARS IN TAURUS , 2014, 1402.5363.

[38]  Timothy D. Brandt,et al.  HIGH-RESOLUTION SUBMILLIMETER AND NEAR-INFRARED STUDIES OF THE TRANSITION DISK AROUND Sz 91 , 2014, 1402.1538.

[39]  Michael C. Liu,et al.  SPECTROSCOPIC CONFIRMATION OF YOUNG PLANETARY-MASS COMPANIONS ON WIDE ORBITS , 2014, 1401.7668.

[40]  D. Bayliss,et al.  Evolution from protoplanetary to debris discs: the transition disc around HD 166191 , 2013, 1312.4531.

[41]  Jonathan P. Williams,et al.  A PARAMETRIC MODELING APPROACH TO MEASURING THE GAS MASSES OF CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS , 2013, 1312.0151.

[42]  R. Jeffries,et al.  A lithium depletion boundary age of 21 Myr for the Beta Pictoris moving group , 2013, 1310.2613.

[43]  Adam L. Kraus,et al.  THREE WIDE PLANETARY-MASS COMPANIONS TO FW TAU, ROXs 12, AND ROXs 42B , 2013, 1311.7664.

[44]  Esther Buenzli,et al.  Small vs. large dust grains in transitional disks: do different cavity sizes indicate a planet? - SAO 206462 (HD 135344B) in polarized light with VLT/NACO , 2013, 1311.4195.

[45]  Santiago,et al.  RESOLVED IMAGING OF THE HR 8799 DEBRIS DISK WITH HERSCHEL , 2013, 1311.2977.

[46]  N. Phillips,et al.  First results of the SONS survey: submillimetre detections of debris discs , 2013 .

[47]  D. Apai,et al.  ALMA OBSERVATIONS OF THE MOLECULAR GAS IN THE DEBRIS DISK OF THE 30 Myr OLD STAR HD 21997 , 2013, 1310.5068.

[48]  D. Apai,et al.  ALMA CONTINUUM OBSERVATIONS OF A 30 Myr OLD GASEOUS DEBRIS DISK AROUND HD 21997 , 2013, 1310.5069.

[49]  J. Augereau,et al.  Gas lines from the 5-Myr old optically thin disk around HD 141569A Herschel observations and modeling , 2013, 1309.5098.

[50]  Jonathan P. Williams,et al.  HERSCHEL/PACS SURVEY OF PROTOPLANETARY DISKS IN TAURUS/AURIGA—OBSERVATIONS OF [O i] AND [C ii], AND FAR-INFRARED CONTINUUM , 2013, 1308.6019.

[51]  S. Hinkley,et al.  THE NEARBY, YOUNG, ISOLATED, DUSTY STAR HD 166191 , 2013, 1308.0405.

[52]  Jonathan P. Williams,et al.  A SCUBA-2 850-μm survey of protoplanetary discs in the σ Orionis cluster , 2013, 1307.7174.

[53]  D. Wilner,et al.  A SPATIALLY RESOLVED VERTICAL TEMPERATURE GRADIENT IN THE HD 163296 DISK , 2013, 1306.6475.

[54]  Barry Y. Welsh,et al.  Circumstellar Gas-Disk Variability Around A-Type Stars: The Detection of Exocomets? , 2013 .

[55]  A. Kraus,et al.  THE MASS DEPENDENCE BETWEEN PROTOPLANETARY DISKS AND THEIR STELLAR HOSTS , 2013, 1305.5262.

[56]  J. Augereau,et al.  HERSCHEL OBSERVATIONS OF GAS AND DUST IN THE UNUSUAL 49 Ceti DEBRIS DISK , 2013, 1305.2894.

[57]  I. Ribas,et al.  DUst around NEarby Stars. The survey observational results , 2013, 1305.0155.

[58]  N. Huélamo,et al.  GASPS—A Herschel Survey of Gas and Dust in Protoplanetary Disks: Summary and Initial Statistics , 2013, 1306.0275.

[59]  G. Herczeg,et al.  MEASURING PROTOPLANETARY DISK ACCRETION WITH H i PFUND β , 2013, 1303.4804.

[60]  Stony Brook University,et al.  A sensitive survey for 13CO, CN, H2CO, and SO in the disks of T Tauri and Herbig Ae stars , 2012, 1211.4776.

[61]  G. Rieke,et al.  Resolved debris discs around A stars in the Herschel DEBRIS survey , 2012, 1210.0547.

[62]  L. Testi,et al.  ALMA OBSERVATIONS OF ρ-Oph 102: GRAIN GROWTH AND MOLECULAR GAS IN THE DISK AROUND A YOUNG BROWN DWARF , 2012, 1211.6743.

[63]  L. Mundy,et al.  CONSTRAINTS ON THE RADIAL VARIATION OF GRAIN GROWTH IN THE AS 209 CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK , 2012, 1210.5252.

[64]  T. Henning,et al.  Young stars in epsilon Chamaleontis and their disks: disk evolution in sparse associations , 2012, 1209.5832.

[65]  P. Ho,et al.  The circumstellar disk of AB Aurigae: evidence for envelope accretion at late stages of star formation? , 2012, 1209.1299.

[66]  B. Zuckerman,et al.  IDENTIFYING NEARBY, YOUNG, LATE-TYPE STARS BY MEANS OF THEIR CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS , 2012, 1208.4517.

[67]  A. Zijlstra,et al.  Fundamental parameters and infrared excesses of Hipparcos stars , 2012, 1208.2037.

[68]  Inseok Song,et al.  A 40 Myr OLD GASEOUS CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK AT 49 CETI: MASSIVE CO-RICH COMET CLOUDS AT YOUNG A-TYPE STARS , 2012, 1207.1747.

[69]  C. Clarke,et al.  Two populations of transition discs , 2012, 1205.5564.

[70]  Jonathan P. Williams,et al.  THE NATURE OF TRANSITION CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS. III. PERSEUS, TAURUS, AND AURIGA , 2012, 1203.6849.

[71]  N. Morrell,et al.  THE NATURE OF TRANSITION CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS. II. SOUTHERN MOLECULAR CLOUDS , 2012, 1203.6816.

[72]  N. Calvet,et al.  ON THE TRANSITIONAL DISK CLASS: LINKING OBSERVATIONS OF T TAURI STARS AND PHYSICAL DISK MODELS , 2012, 1201.1518.

[73]  E. Chapillon,et al.  Chemistry in disks - VI. CN and HCN in protoplanetary disks , 2011, 1109.5595.

[74]  M. Ireland,et al.  WISE circumstellar discs in the young Sco-Cen association , 2011, 1112.5681.

[75]  Mark J. Pecaut,et al.  A REVISED AGE FOR UPPER SCORPIUS AND THE STAR FORMATION HISTORY AMONG THE F-TYPE MEMBERS OF THE SCORPIUS–CENTAURUS OB ASSOCIATION , 2011, 1112.1695.

[76]  Jonathan P. Williams,et al.  THE LATE STAGES OF PROTOPLANETARY DISK EVOLUTION: A MILLIMETER SURVEY OF UPPER SCORPIUS , 2011, 1111.0101.

[77]  T. Henning,et al.  Chemistry in disks V. Sulfur-bearing molecules in the protoplanetary disks surrounding LkCa15, MWC480, DM Tauri, and GO Tauri , 2011, 1109.5870.

[78]  Geoffrey A. Blake,et al.  CO ROVIBRATIONAL EMISSION AS A PROBE OF INNER DISK STRUCTURE , 2011, 1109.4579.

[79]  B. Merín,et al.  Accretion rates and accretion tracers of Herbig Ae/Be stars , 2011, 1109.3288.

[80]  D. Apai,et al.  MOLECULAR GAS IN YOUNG DEBRIS DISKS , 2011, 1109.2299.

[81]  Steven B. Charnley,et al.  The Chemical Composition of Comets—Emerging Taxonomies and Natal Heritage , 2011 .

[82]  A. Dutrey,et al.  A dual-frequency sub-arcsecond study of proto-planetary disks at mm wavelengths: first evidence for radial variations of the dust properties , 2011 .

[83]  E. Kokubo,et al.  DIRECT IMAGING OF FINE STRUCTURES IN GIANT PLANET-FORMING REGIONS OF THE PROTOPLANETARY DISK AROUND AB AURIGAE , 2011, 1102.4408.

[84]  W. Vacca,et al.  NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF TW Hya: A REVISED SPECTRAL TYPE AND COMPARISON WITH MAGNETOSPHERIC ACCRETION MODELS , 2011, 1102.0535.

[85]  S. Brittain,et al.  MEASURING THE STELLAR ACCRETION RATES OF HERBIG Ae/Be STARS , 2011 .

[86]  G. Herczeg,et al.  Single peaked CO emission line profiles from the inner regions of protoplanetary disks , 2011, 1101.1091.

[87]  L. Testi,et al.  MILLIMETER IMAGING OF MWC 758: PROBING THE DISK STRUCTURE AND KINEMATICS , 2010, 1010.3016.

[88]  T. Forveille,et al.  DETECTION OF A MOLECULAR DISK ORBITING THE NEARBY, “OLD,” CLASSICAL T TAURI STAR MP MUSCAE , 2010, 1010.1174.

[89]  R. Neri,et al.  New constraints on dust grain size and distribution in CQ Tau , 2010, 1009.2697.

[90]  L. Hartmann,et al.  SPITZER OBSERVATIONS OF THE λ ORIONIS CLUSTER. II. DISKS AROUND SOLAR-TYPE AND LOW-MASS STARS , 2010, 1008.3916.

[91]  C. Dullemond,et al.  PROTOPLANETARY DISK STRUCTURES IN OPHIUCHUS. II. EXTENSION TO FAINTER SOURCES , 2010, 1007.5070.

[92]  T. V. van Kempen,et al.  THE DISK IMAGING SURVEY OF CHEMISTRY WITH SMA. I. TAURUS PROTOPLANETARY DISK DATA , 2010, 1007.1476.

[93]  Science,et al.  Kuiper belts around nearby stars , 2010, 1005.3215.

[94]  D. M. Watson,et al.  UNVEILING THE STRUCTURE OF PRE-TRANSITIONAL DISKS , 2010, 1005.2365.

[95]  A. Belloche,et al.  Observations of warm molecular gas and kinematics in the disc around HD 100546 , 2010, 1005.1048.

[96]  T. Henning,et al.  ACCRETION IN EVOLVED AND TRANSITIONAL DISKS IN CEP OB2: LOOKING FOR THE ORIGIN OF THE INNER HOLES , 2010, 1001.3026.

[97]  R. Neri,et al.  Dust properties of protoplanetary disks in the Taurus-Auriga star forming region from millimeter wavelengths , 2009, 0912.3356.

[98]  L. Hartmann,et al.  THE DISK POPULATION OF THE TAURUS STAR-FORMING REGION , 2009, 0911.5457.

[99]  Peter Plavchan,et al.  SPITZER MID-IR SPECTRA OF DUST DEBRIS AROUND A AND LATE B TYPE STARS: ASTEROID BELT ANALOGS AND POWER-LAW DUST DISTRIBUTIONS , 2009 .

[100]  J. Carpenter,et al.  STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS , 2009, 0906.2227.

[101]  Sean M. Andrews,et al.  PROTOPLANETARY DISK STRUCTURES IN OPHIUCHUS , 2009, 0906.0730.

[102]  R. Akeson,et al.  INTERFEROMETRIC EVIDENCE FOR RESOLVED WARM DUST IN THE DQ TAU SYSTEM , 2009, 0903.2521.

[103]  S. Kenyon,et al.  STELLAR MASS DEPENDENT DISK DISPERSAL , 2009, 0901.2603.

[104]  B. Merín,et al.  Parameters of Herbig Ae/Be and Vega-type stars ⋆ , 2008, 0811.3557.

[105]  M. C. Wyatt,et al.  Resolved debris disc emission around η Telescopii: a young solar system or ongoing planet formation? , 2008, 0810.5087.

[106]  H. Beust,et al.  Investigating the flyby scenario for the HD 141569 system , 2008, 0809.4421.

[107]  G. Blake,et al.  Captured at millimeter wavelengths: a flare from the classical T Tauri star DQ Tauri , 2008, 0810.4162.

[108]  T. Forveille,et al.  Molecules in the disk orbiting the twin young suns of V4046 Sagittarii , 2008, 0810.0472.

[109]  E. Chapillon,et al.  Disks around CQ Tau and MWC 758: Dense PDRs or gas dispersal ? , 2008, 0805.3473.

[110]  I. Kamp,et al.  A Resolved Molecular Gas Disk around the Nearby A Star 49 Ceti , 2008, 0803.3481.

[111]  C. Dullemond,et al.  EVIDENCE FOR DUST CLEARING THROUGH RESOLVED SUBMILLIMETER IMAGING , 2008, 0802.0998.

[112]  A. Weinberger,et al.  Debris Disks around Nearby Stars with Circumstellar Gas , 2007, 0711.4561.

[113]  Stephen E. Strom,et al.  Demographics of Transition Objects , 2007, 0704.1681.

[114]  R. Neri,et al.  Millimeter imaging of HD 163296: probing the disk structure and kinematics , 2007, 0704.0616.

[115]  R. Smith,et al.  Steady State Evolution of Debris Disks around A Stars , 2007, astro-ph/0703608.

[116]  L. Decin,et al.  The Pleiades eclipsing binary HD 23642 revisited , 2007 .

[117]  E. Young,et al.  A Spitzer Space Telescope Study of Disks in the Young σ Orionis Cluster , 2007, astro-ph/0701476.

[118]  A. Dutrey,et al.  Probing the structure of protoplanetary disks: a comparative study of DM Tau, LkCa 15, and MWC 480 , 2007, astro-ph/0701425.

[119]  G. Wade,et al.  A search for strong, ordered magnetic fields in Herbig Ae/Be stars★ , 2007, astro-ph/0701387.

[120]  J. Najita,et al.  Warm Gas in the Inner Disks around Young Intermediate-Mass Stars , 2006, astro-ph/0612201.

[121]  Jonathan P. Williams,et al.  High-Resolution Submillimeter Constraints on Circumstellar Disk Structure , 2006, astro-ph/0610813.

[122]  M. McElwain,et al.  Characterization of Dusty Debris Disks: The IRAS and Hipparcos Catalogs , 2006, astro-ph/0609555.

[123]  J. Pety,et al.  Resolving the inner dust disks surrounding LkCa 15 and MWC 480 at mm wavelengths , 2006, astro-ph/0610200.

[124]  M. Meyer,et al.  Evidence for Mass-dependent Circumstellar Disk Evolution in the 5 Myr Old Upper Scorpius OB Association , 2006, astro-ph/0609372.

[125]  M. Sterzik,et al.  Search for associations containing young stars (SACY). I. Sample and searching method , 2006, astro-ph/0609258.

[126]  Jonathan P. Williams,et al.  The Dust Properties of Eight Debris Disk Candidates as Determined by Submillimeter Photometry , 2006, astro-ph/0609122.

[127]  L. Testi,et al.  Accretion Rates in Herbig Ae stars , 2006, astro-ph/0609032.

[128]  G. Rieke,et al.  Debris Disk Evolution around A Stars , 2006, astro-ph/0608563.

[129]  S. Wolf,et al.  Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems: Upper Limits to the Gas Mass in Disks around Sun-like Stars , 2006, astro-ph/0606669.

[130]  Subaru Telescope,et al.  Inner Rim of a Molecular Disk Spatially Resolved in Infrared CO Emission Lines , 2006, astro-ph/0606362.

[131]  K. H. Kim,et al.  Spitzer IRS Spectroscopy of IRAS-discovered Debris Disks , 2006, astro-ph/0605277.

[132]  D. Apai,et al.  Nearby Debris Disk Systems with High Fractional Luminosity Reconsidered , 2006, astro-ph/0603729.

[133]  L. Testi,et al.  Accretion in the ρ-Ophiuchi pre-main sequence stars , 2006, astro-ph/0602618.

[134]  D. Wilner,et al.  A Keplerian Disk around the Herbig Ae Star HD 169142 , 2005, astro-ph/0512478.

[135]  H. Bhatt,et al.  Evolution of Emission-Line Activity in Intermediate-Mass Young Stars , 2005, astro-ph/0608541.

[136]  M. Meyer,et al.  Optical Spectroscopy of the Surface Population of the ρ Ophiuchi Molecular Cloud: The First Wave of Star Formation , 2005, astro-ph/0506251.

[137]  Jonathan P. Williams,et al.  Circumstellar Dust Disks in Taurus-Auriga: The Submillimeter Perspective , 2005, astro-ph/0506187.

[138]  K. Tsiganis,et al.  Origin of the cataclysmic Late Heavy Bombardment period of the terrestrial planets , 2005, Nature.

[139]  A. Dutrey,et al.  Sub-arcsec imaging of the AB Aur molecular disk and envelope at millimeter wavelengths: a non Keplerian disk , 2005, astro-ph/0504023.

[140]  C. Dominik,et al.  A 10 μm spectroscopic survey of Herbig Ae star disks: Grain growth and crystallization , 2005, astro-ph/0503507.

[141]  J. Greaves,et al.  CO emission from discs around isolated HAeBe and Vega-excess stars , 2005, astro-ph/0502544.

[142]  [O I] 6300 Å emission in Herbig Ae/Be systems: Signature of Keplerian rotation , 2005, astro-ph/0502504.

[143]  P. Berlind,et al.  Herbig Ae/Be Stars in nearby OB Associations , 2004, astro-ph/0410494.

[144]  L. Testi,et al.  Accretion in brown dwarfs: An infrared view , 2004, astro-ph/0406106.

[145]  U.Munari,et al.  The distance to the Pleiades from orbital solution of the double-lined eclipsing binary HD 23642 , 2004, astro-ph/0403444.

[146]  Saeko S. Hayashi,et al.  Spiral Structure in the Circumstellar Disk around AB Aurigae , 2004 .

[147]  P. Berlind,et al.  Spectral Analysis and Classification of Herbig Ae/Be Stars , 2004 .

[148]  Cfa,et al.  Study of the properties and spectral energy distributions of the Herbig AeBe stars HD 34282 and HD 141569 , 2004, astro-ph/0402599.

[149]  R. Neri,et al.  A search for evolved dust in Herbig Ae stars , 2003, astro-ph/0311624.

[150]  I. Sheret,et al.  Submillimetre observations and modelling of Vega-type stars , 2003, astro-ph/0311593.

[151]  B. Zuckerman,et al.  Dusty Debris Disks as Signposts of Planets: Implications for Spitzer Space Telescope , 2003, astro-ph/0311546.

[152]  Richard E. White.  Interstellar Matter near the Pleiades. VI. Evidence for an Interstellar Three-Body Encounter , 2003 .

[153]  A. Dutrey,et al.  The BP Tau disk: A missing link between class II and III objects? , 2003 .

[154]  C. Kulesa,et al.  CO Emission from Disks around AB Aurigae and HD 141569: Implications for Disk Structure and Planet Formation Timescales , 2003 .

[155]  R. Bouwens,et al.  Hubble Space Telescope ACS Coronagraphic Imaging of the Circumstellar Disk around HD 141569A , 2003, astro-ph/0303605.

[156]  A. Boccaletti,et al.  Ground-based Near-Infrared Imaging of the HD 141569 Circumstellar Disk , 2002, astro-ph/0211648.

[157]  S. Kenyon,et al.  A Spectroscopic Survey of Subarcsecond Binaries in the Taurus-Auriga Dark Cloud with the Hubble Space Telescope , 2002, astro-ph/0209608.

[158]  J. Alves,et al.  Spatial Study with the Very Large Telescope of a New Resolved Edge-on Circumstellar Dust Disk Discovered at the Periphery of the ρ Ophiuchi Dark Cloud , 2002, astro-ph/0211570.

[159]  A. Dutrey,et al.  A Keplerian disk around the Herbig Ae star HD 34282 , 2002, astro-ph/0210097.

[160]  P. Moroni,et al.  Hipparcos open clusters and stellar evolution , 2002, astro-ph/0203327.

[161]  I. Redondo,et al.  A photometric catalogue of southern emission-line stars ?;?? , 2001, astro-ph/0110495.

[162]  M. Barlow,et al.  SCUBA photometry of candidate Vega-like sources , 2001 .

[163]  A. Harris,et al.  EXPORT: Spectral classification and projected rotational velocities of Vega-type and pre-main sequence stars , 2001 .

[164]  Astronomy,et al.  H2 and CO Emission from Disks around T Tauri and Herbig Ae Pre-Main-Sequence Stars and from Debris Disks around Young Stars: Warm and Cold Circumstellar Gas , 2001, astro-ph/0107006.

[165]  D. Mouillet,et al.  Asymmetries in the HD 141569 circumstellar disk , 2001 .

[166]  Elizabeth A. Lada,et al.  Disk Frequencies and Lifetimes in Young Clusters , 2001, astro-ph/0104347.

[167]  Austin,et al.  Observational Constraints on the Formation and Evolution of Binary Stars , 2001, astro-ph/0103098.

[168]  J. Najita,et al.  Evidence for Residual Material in Accretion Disk Gaps: CO Fundamental Emission from the T Tauri Spectroscopic Binary DQ Tauri , 2001, astro-ph/0101059.

[169]  M. Simon,et al.  Dynamical Masses of T Tauri Stars and Calibration of Pre-Main-Sequence Evolution , 2000, astro-ph/0008370.

[170]  R. Rich,et al.  Stellar Companions and the Age of HD 141569 and Its Circumstellar Disk , 2000, astro-ph/0007170.

[171]  E. Becklin,et al.  The Circumstellar Disk of HD 141569 Imaged with NICMOS , 1999, The Astrophysical journal.

[172]  Mark Clampin,et al.  Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph Coronagraphic Imaging of the Herbig Ae Star AB Aurigae , 1999 .

[173]  W. Herbst,et al.  A Photometric Catalog of Herbig Ae/Be Stars and Discussion of the Nature and Cause of the Variations of UX Orionis Stars , 1999 .

[174]  Andrea M. Ghez,et al.  A Test of Pre-Main-Sequence Evolutionary Models across the Stellar/Substellar Boundary Based on Spectra of the Young Quadruple GG Tauri , 1999, astro-ph/9902318.

[175]  J. Kirkpatrick,et al.  Keck Spectra of Pleiades Brown Dwarf Candidates and a Precise Determination of the Lithium Depletion Edge in the Pleiades , 1998, astro-ph/9804005.

[176]  K. Stassun,et al.  The Classical T Tauri Spectroscopic Binary DQ Tau.I.Orbital Elements and Light Curves , 1997 .

[177]  G. Fuller,et al.  The connection between submillimeter continuum flux and binary separation in young binaries: evidence of interaction between stars and disks , 1995, astro-ph/9508099.

[178]  P. Hartigan,et al.  Disk Accretion and Mass Loss from Young Stars , 1995 .

[179]  A. Sargent,et al.  Imaging the Small-Scale Circumstellar Gas Around T~Tauri Stars , 1995, astro-ph/9503034.

[180]  T. Forveille,et al.  Inhibition of giant-planet formation by rapid gas depletion around young stars , 1995, Nature.

[181]  S. Strom,et al.  Are wide pre-main-sequence binaries coeval? , 1994 .

[182]  Vincent Mannings,et al.  Dust in discs around T Tauri stars : grain growth ? , 1994 .

[183]  Lynne A. Hillenbrand,et al.  NGC 6611: a cluster caught in the act , 1993 .

[184]  S. Beckwith,et al.  A Survey for Circumstellar Disks around Young Stellar Objects , 1990 .

[185]  G. Herbig,et al.  Third Catalog of Emission-Line Stars of the Orion Population : 3 : 1988 , 1988 .

[186]  M. Breger.  The Pleiades Cluster. IV. The Visit of a Molecular CO Cloud , 1987 .

[187]  C. Masson,et al.  High-Resolution Mapping of Molecular Outflows in NGC 2071, W49, and NGC 7538 , 1986 .

[188]  H. Levato,et al.  SPECTRAL TYPES IN THE PLEIADES. , 1978 .