Throwing light on DARC.

Chemokines play a key role in directing and driving leucocyte trafficking. The efficient regulation of leucocyte recruitment by chemokines requires their appropriate localization in functional micro-anatomical domains, as well as setting limits to their effects in space and time. Both processes are influenced by silent chemokine receptors (interceptors), including DARC (Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines). Increasing experimental evidence suggests that DARC is involved in accumulation of extravascular chemokines in endothelial cells, chemokine transcytosis and presentation on their luminal surface, leading to leucocyte adhesion and emigration. Additionally, DARC is expressed on erythrocytes and can act as a sink for chemokines in blood. This limits the dissemination of chemokines through blood into distant organs and tissues as well as reducing their effects on the circulating leucocytes.

[1]  Graeme Milligan,et al.  The chemokine receptor CCX‐CKR mediates effective scavenging of CCL19 in vitro , 2006, European journal of immunology.

[2]  B. Bresnihan,et al.  Temporal expression pattern of Duffy antigen in rheumatoid arthritis: up-regulation in early disease. , 2006, Arthritis and rheumatism.

[3]  R. Schuster,et al.  The Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines (DARC) regulates prostate tumor growth , 2006, FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.

[4]  A. Rot.  Contribution of Duffy antigen to chemokine function. , 2005, Cytokine & growth factor reviews.

[5]  T. Handel,et al.  Interaction of chemokines and glycosaminoglycans: a new twist in the regulation of chemokine function with opportunities for therapeutic intervention. , 2005, Cytokine & growth factor reviews.

[6]  A. G. Brevern,et al.  A structural model of a seven-transmembrane helix receptor: the Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokine (DARC). , 2005, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[7]  Alberto Mantovani,et al.  Increased inflammation in mice deficient for the chemokine decoy receptor D6 , 2005, European journal of immunology.

[8]  Antonio Alcami,et al.  The chemokine receptor D6 limits the inflammatory response in vivo , 2005, Nature Immunology.

[9]  H. Brühl,et al.  Expression of DARC, CXCR3 and CCR5 in giant cell arteritis. , 2005, Rheumatology.

[10]  B. Engelhardt,et al.  Mini‐review: Transendothelial migration of leukocytes: through the front door or around the side of the house? , 2004, European journal of immunology.

[11]  L. Gardner,et al.  The human Duffy antigen binds selected inflammatory but not homeostatic chemokines. , 2004, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[12]  R. Nibbs,et al.  The chemokine receptor D6 constitutively traffics to and from the cell surface to internalize and degrade chemokines. , 2004, Molecular biology of the cell.

[13]  U. V. von Andrian,et al.  Chemokines in innate and adaptive host defense: basic chemokinese grammar for immune cells. , 2004, Annual review of immunology.

[14]  R. Strieter,et al.  Chemokines in rheumatoid arthritis , 2004, Springer Seminars in Immunopathology.

[15]  Janet S. Lee,et al.  References Subscriptions Permissions Email Alerts Duffy Antigen Facilitates Movement of Chemokine Across the Endothelium In Vitro and Promotes Neutrophil Transmigration In , 2013 .

[16]  H. Kusuhara,et al.  A role of the Duffy antigen for the maintenance of plasma chemokine concentrations. , 2003, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[17]  M. Gobbi,et al.  Cutting Edge: Scavenging of Inflammatory CC Chemokines by the Promiscuous Putatively Silent Chemokine Receptor D6 1 , 2003, The Journal of Immunology.

[18]  Giselle Chamberlain,et al.  Expression of the Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines (DARC) by the inflamed synovial endothelium , 2002, The Journal of pathology.

[19]  R. Strieter,et al.  Potential role for Duffy antigen chemokine‐binding protein in angiogenesis and maintenance of homeostasis in response to stress , 2002, Journal of leukocyte biology.

[20]  D. Kerjaschki,et al.  The beta-chemokine receptor D6 is expressed by lymphatic endothelium and a subset of vascular tumors. , 2001, The American journal of pathology.

[21]  M. Mack,et al.  The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines is up-regulated during acute renal transplant rejection and crescentic glomerulonephritis. , 2000, Kidney international.

[22]  A. Pogo,et al.  The Duffy protein: a malarial and chemokine receptor. , 2000, Seminars in hematology.

[23]  Yu Wang,et al.  Cutting Edge: Identification of a Novel Chemokine Receptor That Binds Dendritic Cell- and T Cell-Active Chemokines Including ELC, SLC, and TECK , 2000, The Journal of Immunology.

[24]  A. Zlotnik,et al.  The biology of chemokines and their receptors. , 2000, Annual review of immunology.

[25]  A. Lentsch,et al.  Exaggerated response to endotoxin in mice lacking the Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines (DARC). , 2000, Blood.

[26]  P. Ray,et al.  Up-regulation of Duffy antigen receptor expression in children with renal disease. , 1999, Kidney international.

[27]  E. Butcher,et al.  Lymphocyte trafficking and regional immunity. , 1999, Advances in immunology.

[28]  L. Rogers,et al.  Lysine 58 and Histidine 66 at the C-terminal α-Helix of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Are Essential for Glycosaminoglycan Binding* , 1998, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[29]  R. Cooke,et al.  Identification of a glycosaminoglycan binding surface on human interleukin-8. , 1998, Biochemistry.

[30]  Henry R. Bourne,et al.  Receptors induce chemotaxis by releasing the βγ subunit of Gi, not by activating Gq or Gs , 1997 .

[31]  M. Auer,et al.  Transcytosis and Surface Presentation of IL-8 by Venular Endothelial Cells , 1997, Cell.

[32]  S. Peiper,et al.  From malaria to chemokine receptor: the emerging physiologic role of the Duffy blood group antigen. , 1997, Blood.

[33]  T. Schall,et al.  Chemokine Class Differences in Binding to the Duffy Antigen-Erythrocyte Chemokine Receptor (*) , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[34]  J. Platt,et al.  Role of heparan sulfate in immune system-blood vessel interactions. , 1993, Immunology today.

[35]  C. Chitnis,et al.  A receptor for the malarial parasite Plasmodium vivax: the erythrocyte chemokine receptor. , 1993, Science.

[36]  M. Baggiolini,et al.  Binding to heparan sulfate or heparin enhances neutrophil responses to interleukin 8. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[37]  Melvin I. Simon,et al.  G protein-coupled signal transduction pathways for interleukin-8. , 1993, Science.

[38]  T. Schall,et al.  Identification of a promiscuous inflammatory peptide receptor on the surface of red blood cells. , 1993, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[39]  A. Rot.  Endothelial cell binding of NAP-1/IL-8: role in neutrophil emigration. , 1992, Immunology today.

[40]  A. J. Valente,et al.  Red blood cells are a sink for interleukin 8, a leukocyte chemotaxin. , 1991, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[41]  L. Miller,et al.  The resistance factor to Plasmodium vivax in blacks. The Duffy-blood-group genotype, FyFy. , 1976, The New England journal of medicine.