Sensitivity studies of dust ice nuclei effect on cirrus clouds with the Community Atmosphere Model CAM5
暂无分享,去创建一个
Andrew Gettelman | Kai Zhang | Eric J. Jensen | Xiangjun Shi | Donifan Barahona | Athanasios Nenes | Xiaohong Liu | Xiaohong Liu | A. Gettelman | A. Nenes | Xiangjun Shi | Kai Zhang | D. Barahona | E. Jensen | P. Lawson | P. Lawson
[1] A. Mangold,et al. Ice supersaturations and cirrus cloud crystal numbers , 2008 .
[2] V. Ramaswamy,et al. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory general circulation model investigation of the indirect radiative effects of anthropogenic sulfate aerosol , 2005 .
[3] M. Schnaiter,et al. Supplementary information for ‘ Heterogeneous nucleation of ice particles on glassy aerosols under cirrus conditions ’ , 2010 .
[4] Sonia M. Kreidenweis,et al. Can Ice-Nucleating Aerosols Affect Arctic Seasonal Climate? , 2007 .
[5] E. Bigg. The supercooling of water , 1953 .
[6] M. McCormick,et al. A 6‐year climatology of cloud occurrence frequency from Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II observations (1985–1990) , 1996 .
[7] A. Nenes,et al. Dynamical states of low temperature cirrus , 2011 .
[8] U. Lohmann,et al. A parameterization of cirrus cloud formation: Homogeneous freezing of supercooled aerosols , 2002 .
[9] K. Gierens,et al. Modelling of cirrus clouds – Part 1b: Structuring cirrus clouds by dynamics , 2009 .
[10] Klaus Gierens,et al. A distribution law for relative humidity in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere derived from three years of MOZAIC measurements , 1999 .
[11] Qiang Fu,et al. Mean radiative energy balance and vertical mass fluxes in the equatorial upper troposphere and lower stratosphere , 2005 .
[12] W. Collins,et al. The Community Climate System Model Version 3 (CCSM3) , 2006 .
[13] Andrew Gettelman,et al. The Global Distribution of Supersaturation in the Upper Troposphere from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder , 2006 .
[14] U. Lohmann,et al. Cirrus cloud formation and ice supersaturated regions in a global climate model , 2008 .
[15] Z. Levin,et al. Parameterizing ice nucleation rates using contact angle and activation energy derived from laboratory data , 2008 .
[16] R. Neale,et al. The Impact of Convection on ENSO: From a Delayed Oscillator to a Series of Events , 2008 .
[17] S. Klein,et al. Global simulations of ice nucleation and ice supersaturation with an improved cloud scheme in the Community Atmosphere Model , 2010 .
[18] S. Massie,et al. Transport of water vapor in the tropical tropopause layer , 2002 .
[19] Robert Wood,et al. Ice Particle Interarrival Times Measured with a Fast FSSP , 2003 .
[20] D. M. Murphy,et al. Measurements of the concentration and composition of nuclei for cirrus formation , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
[21] K. Froyd,et al. Aerosol composition of the tropical upper troposphere , 2009 .
[22] D. M. Murphy,et al. Single Particle Measurements of the Chemical Composition of Cirrus Ice Residue , 2004 .
[23] Athanasios Nenes,et al. Sensitivity of the global distribution of cirrus ice crystal concentration to heterogeneous freezing , 2010 .
[24] L. Donner,et al. Nucleation processes in deep convection simulated by a cloud-system-resolving model with double-moment bulk microphysics , 2007 .
[25] I. Zawadzki,et al. Biogenic and anthropogenic sources of ice-forming nuclei : A review , 1997 .
[26] B. Kärcher,et al. A cirrus cloud scheme for general circulation models , 2008 .
[27] S. Ghan,et al. A New Two-Moment Bulk Stratiform Cloud Microphysics Scheme in the Community Atmosphere Model, Version 3 (CAM3). Part II: Single-Column and Global Results , 2008 .
[28] A. Heymsfield. On measurements of small ice particles in clouds , 2007 .
[29] W. Cooper,et al. Ice Initiation in Natural Clouds , 1986 .
[30] A. Korolev,et al. Relative Humidity in Liquid, Mixed-Phase, and Ice Clouds , 2006 .
[31] Johannes Hendricks,et al. Physically based parameterization of cirrus cloud formation for use in global atmospheric models , 2006 .
[32] W. Cotton,et al. Parameterization and Impact of Ice initiation Processes Relevant to Numerical Model Simulations of Cirrus Clouds. , 1994 .
[33] M. Freer,et al. Importance of small ice crystals to cirrus properties: Observations from the Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment (TWP‐ICE) , 2007 .
[34] B. Barkstrom,et al. Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES): An Earth Observing System Experiment , 1996 .
[35] K. Liou. Influence of Cirrus Clouds on Weather and Climate Processes: A Global Perspective , 1986 .
[36] C. Bretherton,et al. A New Moist Turbulence Parameterization in the Community Atmosphere Model , 2009 .
[37] J. Curry,et al. Assessment of some parameterizations of heterogeneous ice nucleation in cloud and climate models , 2010 .
[38] U. Lohmann,et al. Freezing thresholds and cirrus cloud formation mechanisms inferred from in situ measurements of relative humidity , 2003 .
[39] J. Curry,et al. A new theory of heterogeneous ice nucleation for application in cloud and climate models , 2000 .
[40] Steven Platnick,et al. Interactive comment on “On the importance of small ice crystals in tropical anvil cirrus” by E. J. Jensen et al , 2009 .
[41] U. Lohmann,et al. Solid Ammonium Sulfate Aerosols as Ice Nuclei: A Pathway for Cirrus Cloud Formation , 2006, Science.
[42] R. Lawson. Effects of ice particles shattering on the 2D-S probe , 2011 .
[43] Ulrike Lohmann,et al. Influence of cirrus cloud radiative forcing on climate and climate sensitivity in a general circulation model , 1995 .
[44] U. Lohmann,et al. A Parameterization of cirrus cloud formation: Homogeneous freezing including effects of aerosol size , 2002 .
[45] W. Collins,et al. Radiative forcing by long‐lived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the AER radiative transfer models , 2008 .
[46] Paul J. DeMott,et al. Insights into the role of soot aerosols in cirrus cloud formation , 2007 .
[47] Joyce E. Penner,et al. Ice nucleation parameterization for global models , 2005 .
[48] David S. Lee,et al. Historical (1850–2000) gridded anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of reactive gases and aerosols: methodology and application , 2010 .
[49] J. Slingo. The Development and Verification of A Cloud Prediction Scheme For the Ecmwf Model , 2007 .
[50] B. Luo,et al. Water activity as the determinant for homogeneous ice nucleation in aqueous solutions , 2000, Nature.
[51] A. Nenes,et al. Parameterizing the competition between homogeneous and heterogeneous freezing in cirrus cloud formation – monodisperse ice nuclei , 2009 .
[52] A. Nenes,et al. Parameterizing the competition between homogeneous and heterogeneous freezing in ice cloud formation – polydisperse ice nuclei , 2009 .
[53] W. Menzel,et al. Eight Years of High Cloud Statistics Using HIRS , 1999 .
[54] W. Collins,et al. Description of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM 3.0) , 2004 .
[55] V. Ramanathan,et al. Thermodynamic regulation of ocean warming by cirrus clouds deduced from observations of the 1987 El Niño , 1991, Nature.
[56] C. Bretherton,et al. The University of Washington Shallow Convection and Moist Turbulence Schemes and Their Impact on Climate Simulations with the Community Atmosphere Model , 2009 .
[57] K. C. Young. The Role of Contact Nucleation in Ice Phase Initiation in Clouds , 1974 .
[58] William J. Collins,et al. Toward a minimal representation of aerosol direct and indirect effects: model description and evaluation , 2011 .
[59] J. Curry,et al. The theory of ice nucleation by heterogeneous freezing of deliquescent mixed CCN. Part I: Critical radius, energy, and nucleation rate , 2004 .
[60] S. Kreidenweis,et al. Laboratory studies of ice nucleation by aerosol particles in upper tropospheric conditions , 2001 .
[61] R. Lawson,et al. The 2D-S (Stereo) Probe: Design and Preliminary Tests of a New Airborne, High-Speed, High-Resolution Particle Imaging Probe , 2006 .
[62] C. Zender,et al. Mineral Dust Entrainment and Deposition (DEAD) model: Description and 1990s dust climatology , 2003 .
[63] Peter Spichtinger,et al. When Dry Air Is Too Humid , 2006, Science.
[64] E. Browell,et al. The impact of subvisible cirrus clouds near the tropical tropopause on stratospheric water vapor , 1998 .
[65] S. Kreidenweis,et al. The role of heterogeneous freezing nucleation in upper tropospheric clouds: Inferences from SUCCESS , 1998 .
[66] W. Cotton,et al. New primary ice-nucleation parameterizations in an explicit cloud model , 1992 .
[67] A. Nenes,et al. Parameterization of cirrus cloud formation in large‐scale models: Homogeneous nucleation , 2008 .
[68] Andrew Gettelman,et al. Relative humidity over Antarctica from radiosondes, satellites, and a general circulation model , 2006 .
[69] L. Pfister,et al. Ice nucleation and cloud microphysical properties in tropical tropopause layer cirrus , 2009 .
[70] Johannes Hendricks,et al. Effects of ice nuclei on cirrus clouds in a global climate model , 2011 .
[71] K. Gierens,et al. Modelling of cirrus clouds – Part 2: Competition of different nucleation mechanisms , 2008 .
[72] R. Rauber,et al. Numerical Simulation of the Effects of Varying Ice Crystal Nucleation Rates and Aggregation Processes on Orographic Snowfall , 1986 .
[73] B. Luo,et al. The Origin of High Ice Crystal Number Densities in Cirrus Clouds , 2005 .
[74] J. Penner,et al. Cirrus clouds in a global climate model with a statistical cirrus cloud scheme , 2009 .
[75] S. Kreidenweis,et al. Ice Formation by Sulfate and Sulfuric Acid Aerosol Particles under Upper-Tropospheric Conditions , 2000 .
[76] W. Collins,et al. The Formulation and Atmospheric Simulation of the Community Atmosphere Model Version 3 (CAM3) , 2006 .
[77] S. Ghan,et al. Inclusion of Ice Microphysics in the NCAR Community Atmospheric Model Version 3 (CAM3) , 2007 .
[78] Andrew Gettelman,et al. Cloud influence on and response to seasonal Arctic sea ice loss , 2009 .
[79] Paul J. DeMott,et al. An Empirical Parameterization of Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation for Multiple Chemical Species of Aerosol , 2008 .
[80] J. Penner,et al. Influence of anthropogenic sulfate and black carbon on upper tropospheric clouds in the NCAR CAM3 model coupled to the IMPACT global aerosol model , 2009 .
[81] Andrew Gettelman,et al. A new two-moment bulk stratiform cloud microphysics scheme in the Community Atmosphere Model, version 3 (CAM3). Part I: Description and numerical tests , 2008 .
[82] W. Collins,et al. Geoscientific Model Development Toward a minimal representation of aerosols in climate models : description and evaluation in the Community Atmosphere Model CAM 5 , 2012 .
[83] S. Kreidenweis,et al. A comparison of heterogeneous ice nucleation parameterizations using a parcel model framework , 2009 .
[84] M. D. Petters,et al. Predicting global atmospheric ice nuclei distributions and their impacts on climate , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
[85] Ulrike Lohmann,et al. A parameterization of cirrus cloud formation: Heterogeneous freezing , 2003 .