Programmable voltage multipliers for pacemaker output pulse generation in CMOS 0.8 µm technology

This work proposes two different solutions of a voltage multiplier suitable for a pacemaker pulse generator in a sub-micron CMOS technology. In particular high voltage and standard CMOS 0.8 µm implementations are compared. In both the proposed solutions the circuit can operate within a supply voltage range of 2.8V to 2V. Fine programmability of the output has been achieved, thus allowing the choice of the optimum trade-off between stimulation efficacy and battery longevity.